विचार/ब्लग

Rishiparampara ra vipra haru ka darsan: ek anvekshan

Neel KumarNeel Kumar
Nov 11, 2022 - 05:45
 0

Clif k/Dk/f / ljk|x¿sf bz{g Ps cGj]if0f k]zns'df/ lg/f}nf lgns'df/ If]qL e"ldsf Clif k/Dk/f eg]sf] j}lbs ;gftg wd{df lzIff / 1fg pTkfbgsf] k|frLg k|0ffnL lyof] . ;f+;fl/s hLjgsf ljleGg cfofdx¿df ;+nUg geO{ Clif d'lgx¿n] cWoog / lzIf0fdf g} hLjg latfpFy] . of] k/Dk/f blIf0f Plzof jf ef/t v08sf] ;+:s[ltsf] g} d'Vo ;f/ lyof] . Clif jf a'l4hLljn] ;+;f/nfO{ ljBf bfg ub{y] eg] 1fg pTkfbgsf ;fdu|Lx¿ ;+;f/af6 g} lnGy] . lsgls kbfy{sf] k|ltlaDa dfgl;s ¿k/]vf jf dgdf k/]kl5 dfq dgn] kbfy{ jf ;+;f/sf] JofVof ug{ ;S5 . To:t} ;f]rfO / efjgfsf] klg cGtlq{mof x'G5 . ;f]rfO ;+;f/l;tsf] cGtlq{mof h:tf] lzIffaf6 cfpF5 eg] efjgf cGt/ 1fgaf6 cfpF5 . h'g dg'iosf] hLjg cg'ejsf] pkh xf] . oxfFaf6 s] a'lemG5 eg] 1fg / kbfy{ jf ;+;f/sf] lardf cGtlq{mof x'G5 . To; sf/0fn] kbfly{s cj:yf jf cy{tGqsf] cfsf/ ljsl;t eof] eg] 1fgsf] :t/ klg pRr x'G5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu klZrdf d'n'sx¿ Pj+ lrgdf gofF ;fdfg / gofF ljrf/x¿sf] cfljisf/ x'G5 . To:t} b'a{n cy{tGq ePsf d'n'sx¿ ljsl;t d'n'sx¿ dfly 1fg / ;fdfgsf nflu lge{/ x'G5g\ . oL b'a{n d'n'sx¿ 1fg / ;fdfgsf pkef]Qmf dfq} x'g\ . xfd|f] k/Dk/fdf ^ j6f cfl:ts bz{g 5g\ eg] af}4 bz{g gfl:ts dflgG5 . lsgls To; bz{gn] j]bnfO{ cflwsfl/s dfGb}g . cfl:ts bz{gx¿df d'Vo dflgg] Gofo, j}z]lifs, ;f+Vo / j]bfGt bz{g x'g\ . cGo bz{gx¿ of]u / lddf+;f x'g\ . bz{gn] ;f]rfOsf] cfsf/ jf l;4fGt lbG5 . h;sf] kl/lw cGtu{t dg'ion] ;f+;fl/s hLjgsf ;d:of / cfofdx¿ a'‰g ;S5 . To:t} k|s[ltsf /x:o / zlQmx¿nfO{ klg a'‰g ;S5 . o;/L g} lj1fgsf] hGd x'G5 . sZok -s0ffb_ Clifn] cfsfznfO{ chDa/L dfg] clg To;nfO{ ;do / u'?Tjfsif{0fl;t hf]8]/ x]/] . h'g j}z]lifs ;"qdf JofVof ul/Psf] 5 . lazf}F ztfAbLsf rlr{t j}1flgs cNa6{ cfOG:6fOgn] ;fk]Iftfsf] l;4fGt lbP . h;n] sZok Clifn] g} lbPsf] ljifol;t ;/f]sf/ /fVb5 -8'Sj]6 / /fd z'e|dlgog, ;g\ @)!) M %@#–%@$_ . 1fgnfO{ l;dfgfx¿n] ca?4 ub}{g . of] k|sfz e}Fm ;j{q k}mlnG5 . To; sf/0fn] ;fdflhs zf:qdf s'g} o:tf] l;4fGt 5}g h'g ef/tLo bz{g eGbf aflx/ 5 . klZrdfx¿n] lj1fg / k|ljlwdf ljsf; ug'{sf] sf/0f pgLx¿sf] cfly{s ;d[l4 xf] . cr]n cy{tGq 7'nf] x'Fbf lrgn] klg lj1fg / k|ljlwdf ljsf; u/]sf] 5 . oxfFaf6 s] a'lemG5 eg] 1fg / kbfy{sf] cGtlq{mof x'G5 . Clif eGg] zAb a|fXd0f jf ljk|;Fu ;DalGwt 5 . lsgls a|fXd0fsf] cy{ x'G5 h;n] 1fg k|fKt u/]sf] 5 . ;+:s[tdf ljb eg]sf] 1fg xf] . h;nfO{ a|Xd klg elgG5 . CUj]bdf pNn]v 5 ls h;n] a|Xd k|fKt u/]sf] 5 p;n] cg'ofoL vf]Hb5 . h:tf] lzNksf/n] rls{Psf ;fdfgx¿ vf]Hb5 / lrlsT;sn] /f]uL vf]Hb5 -CUj]b, (M!!@=!_ . o; n]vdf Clif k/Dk/fnfO{ a'‰g] k|oTg ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf] d'Vo ts{ s] xf] eg] k|frLg sfndf k|j[lQ dfu{ jf ;f+;fl/s ;~hfnnfO{ Tofu]/ lgj[lQ dfu{ jf ;Gof; lng] Clif d'lgx¿n] cfˆgf] hLjg cg';Gwfg / 1fg k|bfg ug{df g} latfpFy] . To; sf/0fn] bz{g jf l;4fGtsf] lgdf{0f x'GYof] . u'? lzio k/Dk/f g} 1fg k/Dk/fsf] d'Vo cfwf/ lyof] . sZok Clifn] lzIf0fsf] k]zfnfO{ ohlt eg]sf 5g\ . h;sf] cy{ x'G5 k9fpg] sfd eg]sf] o1 u/] h:t} xf] -l;Gxf, ;g\ !(@# M ^–&_ . o; n]vdf Clif k/Dk/f / ljk|sf bz{gnfO{ z}j l;4fGtsf] b[li6sf]0faf6 ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 . h;n] lj/f]wfefifsf] ljrf/ lbG5 . sZok Clifsf cg';f/ lj/f]wfefif eg]sf] Ps 9fFrf jf s'g} j:t'df cGtlg{lxt x'G5 . hxfF s'g} j:t' jf ju{sf cl:tTj / klxrfg b'O{ cj:yfx¿sf] ;xcl:tTjdf lge{/ x'G5 . oL Ps csf{sf ljk/Lt x'g\ t/ ltgLx¿ tgfjdf Ps csf{df lge{/ 5g\ -l;Gxf, ;g\ !(@# M #!, @!$–@!*_ . of] n]v j]bx¿, j[xbf/Gos pklgifb, ztky a|fXd0f, kfln af}4 u|Gy, d]uf:y]lg;sf] Ol08sf, ef/tLo bz{gsf k':tsx¿, uf]kfn/fh j+zfjnL / g]kfn dxfTDosf cfwf/df tof/ kfl/Psf] 5 . ;fy;fy} ljleGg ljåfg\x¿sf k':ts / n]vx¿ klg ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . d'Vo zAbx¿ M Clif, d'gL, j}lbs k/Dk/f, a|fXd0f, bz{g . Clif d'lg jf >d0f k/Dk/f Clif eGg] zAb …Cif\Ú af6 cfPsf] xf] . h;sf] cy{ x'G5 1fg jf ;g{ -ljlnoD;, ;g\ !*(( M @@^_ . o;sf] cy{ x'G5 aUg' jf au]/ ;g'{ . a'l4hLlj ;f+;fl/s ;~hfnaf6 k/ k'u]/ 1fg k|fKt u5{ / 1fgsf] bfg u5{ . To; sf/0fn] pgLx¿nfO{ Clif elgPsf] xf] . Clif d'lgx¿nfO{ >d0f klg elgGYof] . >d0f eGg] zAb >daf6 cfPsf] xf] . hxfF >d0fx¿ e]nf x'Gy] To;nfO{ cf>d elgGYof] -cf]lnj]n, ;g\ @))$ M !!_ . t}ltl/o cf/0osdf >d0fx¿nfO{ Clif klg elgPsf] 5 -cf]lnj]n, ;g\ @))$ M !#_ . cf>d eGg] zAb >daf6 cfPsf] xf], h;sf] cy{ x'G5 kl/>d ug]{ / cfk}mn] k|of; ug]{ . CUj]bdf pNn]v 5 ls >d jf o1 gu/] b]jtfx¿ klg ldq x'Fb}gg\ -CUj]b, $M##=!!_ . o1jNSo Clifn] ztky a|fXd0fdf eG5g\ >d / tk;n] b]jtfx¿n] cd[t k|fKt u/] -ztky a|fXd0f, (M%=!=@_ . To:t} P]t]l/o a|fXd0fdf Clif jf ;Gof;LnfO{ >d ug]{ / pgLx¿nfO{ OGb|sf ldq elgPsf] 5 -P]t]l/o a|fXd0f, &M!%_ . af}4 / h}gsf wfld{s u|Gyx¿df leIf'x¿nfO{ >d0f elgPsf] 5 -cf]lnj]n, ;g\ @))$ M !!_ . To:t} CUj]bdf Clif d'lgx¿nfO{ nfdf] skfn ePsf s]lzg h;nfO{ ;a}n] cfsfz dfG5g\ / k|sfzsf nflu x]5{g\ elgPsf] 5 -CUj]b, !)M!#^_ . CUj]bdf pNn]v 5 ls Clif d'lgx¿ jgdf ljxf/ u5{g\ . hxfF kz', uGwj{ / cK;/fx¿ x'G5g\ . pgLx¿n] ?b|sf] nf]6faf6 kfgL lkpF5g\ . pgLx¿ ?b|sf ldq x'g\ -CUj]b, *M!&=!$, &M%^=*_ . CUj]bsf] ;'Qm -CUj]b, !)M!#^=&_ df b]lvG5 ls Clif d'lgx¿ ?b|sf cg'ofoL lyP . oxfFaf6 s] a'lemG5 eg] z}jx¿n] g} Clif k/Dk/fsf] ;'?jft u/]sf lyP . j[xbf/0os pklgifbdf pNn]v 5 ls Clif d'lgx¿sf nflu ;+;f/ ;+;f/ xf]Og, dftflktf klg cfˆgf xf]Ogg\ . rf08fn / kf}nsz c5't xf]Ogg\ . ltgLx¿ ;f+;fl/s df]x / dfofaf6 aflx/ x'G5g\ -j[xbf/0os pklgifb, $M#=@@_ . ;dfh jf ;f+;fl/s ;~hfndf a;]kl5 dg'iox¿sf dgdf nf]e, qmf]w, df]x / Oiof{n] hGd lnG5g\ . 1flgn] dfq} ;+;f/nfO{ ljZn]if0f jf JofVof ug{ ;S5g\ . To:tf JolQmx¿n] ;dfh Tofu]/ 1fgsf] dfu{ jf lgj[lQ dfu{ ckgfpF5g\ . pgLx¿n] cg';Gwfg ug]{ / ;dfhdf 1fg aff8\g] sfd u5{g\ . To:tf a'l4hLljx¿nfO{ k|frLg sfndf Clif d'lg elgGYof] . CUj]bdf Clifgfd dGq b|i6fof] ejlGt n]lvPsf] 5 . h;sf] cy{ x'G5 Clifn] l;4fGtsf] lgdf{0f / To;nfO{ a'emfpg] Pj+ k9fpg] sfd u5{g\ -CUj]b, &M#_ . cd/ sf]zsf cg';f/ Clif eg]sf Odfgbf/ a'l4hLlj x'g\ / Clif x'gsf nflu olt, ;Gof;L / d'lg x'g'kb{5 . ToxfF dxlif{, a|Xd Clif / >'t Clifsf] pNn]v 5 . a|Xd ClifnfO{ >]i7 dflgPsf] 5 -cd/ sf]z, @=&=$!–$@_ . h'g ljåfg\n] gofF l;4fGt k|ltkfbg u5{ To;nfO{ a|Xd Clif elgGYof] . s'g} l;4fGtsf] b[li6sf]faf6 cfˆgf] 5gf]6 u/]sf] ljifodf cg';Gwfg u5{ eg] Tof] dxlif{ xf] . Clif eg]sf s'g} ljifonfO{ JofVof / ljZn]if0f ug{ ;Sg] ljåfg\ x'g\ . logLx¿nfO{ d'lg klg elgG5 . of] r/0f kf/ u/]kl5 dxlif{ aGb5g\ . CUj]bdf pNn]v 5 Ob gfd ClifEoM k'j]{EoM k'j{g]EoM klys[bEoM . o;sf] cy{ x'G5 xfdLn] k|frLg Clifx¿nfO{ gd:sf/ u5f}{+ . h;n] ;a}sf] dfu{ bz{g u5{g\ -CUj]b, !)M!$=!%_ . kfln af}4 u|Gydf ClifnfO{ O{zL elgPsf] 5 . To:t} uf}td a'4nfO{ dxlif{ elgPsf] 5 . uf}td a'4n] bzhgf Clifx¿nfO{ dfq} k|fdfl0fs dfg] . ltgLx¿sf gfd lb3 lgsfosf] cDay ;'Qdf lbOPsf] 5 . tL Clifx¿sf gfd o; k|sf/ 5g\ M cu:To, jfds, jfdb]j, ljZjfldq, hdbUgL, clË/;, ef/åfh, jlzi7, sZok / e[u' -lb3 lgsfo, #M^_ . ;Kt Clifsf gfd j]bx¿df klxrfg u/fOPsf] 5}g t/ j[xbf/0os pklgifbdf o1jNSo Clifn] o; k|sf/ ;Kt Clifsf gfd lbOPsf 5g\ M uf}td, ef/åfh, ljZjfldq, hdbUgL, jlzli7, sZok / clq -j[xbf/0os pklgifb, @M@=$_ . CUj]bsf] s]zL ;'Qmdf Clifx¿nfO{ nfdf] skfn kfn]sf h'g h6fdf afFlwPsf x'G5g\ . kx]Fnf] j:q wf/0f u/]/ pgLx¿ ?b|df ;dlk{t 5g\ . ltgLx¿ k|fs[lts tŒj, b]jtf, kz', Clif d'lg / ;a} dg'iox¿sf ldq x'g\ -CUj]b, !)M!#^_ . k|frLg sfndf Clif d'lgx¿nfO{ a|fXd0f dflgGYof] . sf}l6Nosf] cy{zf:qdf eG5g\ ls a|fXd0fsf] st{Jo cWoog ug]{, lzIff lbg], xf]d o1 ug]{, xf]d o1 u/fpg], bfg lbg] / bfg lng] xf] -;fdzf:qL, ;g\ !(%! M ^_ . pgsf cg';f/ Clif d'lg jf kl/j|fhsn] ;dfh Tofu]/ lxF8\b5 . p;n] leIff dfU5 / jgdf g} af; ub{5 -;fdzf:qL, ;g\ !(%! M &_ . sf}l6Nosf cg';f/ kl/j|hsx¿ Ps csf{nfO{ afwf gk'¥ofO{ 7"nf] If]qkmndf a:g' k5{ . gofF kl/j|hs cfof] eg] p;nfO{ k'/fgf] kl/j|hsn] a:g] 7fpF lbg'k5{ . p;n] gofF kl/j|hsnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ dfg]g eg] To:tf] k'/fgf] kl/jhsnfO{ cf>daf6 lgisflzt ul/lbg' k5{ -;fdzf:qL, ;g\ !(%! M @!^_ . pgsf cg';f/ olt jf kl/j|hssf] d[To' x'Fbf jf pgLx¿sf ljBfyL{sf] d[To' x'Fbf ;dfg jf ;Dklt u'? jf ljBfyL{ jf ;xkf7Ln] lnG5g\ -;fdzf:qL, ;g\ !(%! M @!^_ . Clif d'lgx¿sf ;Gbe{df sf}l8Go Clifn] eG5g\ cWoog stf{n] jgdf s'l6 agfP/ a:g'k5{ jf kxf8sf] u'kmfdf a:g'k5{ . p;n] slDtdf klg ^ dlxgf;Dd cfk"mn] 5gf]6 u/]sf] ljifodf cWoog ug'{k5{ / ;w} dg zfGt kfg{ Wofg ug'{k5{ . p;n] leIffdf cGg, g'g / t/sf/L lng'k5{ . leIffdf p;n] /fufsf] df;' klg lng ;S5 . dg e|ldt eP h:tf] dx;'; eP ?b| ufoqL jf b]jL ufoqL hk ug'{k5{ . To;kl5 aNn p;n] cg';Gwfg ug{ ;S5 -rqmjtL{, ;g\ !(&) M @^–@*_ . oxfFaf6 s] a'lemG5 eg] Clif k/Dk/f cwoog / cg';Gwfg;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 . sf}l6Non] cy{zf:qsf] ;'?jft z'qmrfo{ / j[x:klt Clifx¿nfO{ k|0ffd u/]sf 5g\ . To:t} pgn] cfˆgf] k':tssf] rf}wf}F cWofodf tflGqs /Lltlylt / cf}ifwLx¿sf] k|of]usf ljlw lbPsf 5g\ . oxfFaf6 s] a'lemG5 eg] pgL lzj / b]jLsf eQm lyP . sf}l6No k|frLg sfnsf] k|l;4 u'?s'n tIflznfdf b08gLlt -/fhgLlts zf:q_ sf cfrfo{ lyP . pgL z}j Clif lyP / ;d|f6 rGb|u'Kt df}o{sf u'? lyP . sf}l6Non] cy{zf:qdf Clif d'lgx¿nfO{ a|fXd0f, kl/j|hs, olt / d'lg h:tf zAbsf] k|of]u u/]sf 5g\ . sf}l6Nosf cg';f/ /fhu'? aGg b08gLlt, j]bx¿ / bz{gsf] d'lgnfO{ cfjZostf k5{ . /fhfn] p;nfO{ u'? jf lktfhL dfg]/ k5\ofpg' k5{ . To:tf lzlIft a|fXd0fx¿n] k9fPsf IfqLox¿nfO{ s;}n] klg lhTg ;Sb}g -;fdzf:qL, ;g\ !(%! M !%_ . pgsf cg';f/ /fhfn] To:tf] a|fXd0fnfO{ lgisflzt ug'{k5{, h;n] hfltsf] cfwf/df e]befj u/]/ s;}sf] nflu xf]do1 ug{ dfGb}g jf tNnf] hftsf] eg]/ j]b k9fpg dfGb}g -;fdzf:qL, ;g\ !(%! M !%_ . oxfFaf6 s] a'lemG5 eg] z}j Clifx¿n] hftkftdf ljZjf; ub}{gy] . sf}l6Nosf cg';f/ tk:of ug]{ Clif d'lgx¿nfO{ /fHosf] ;]jf ug]{ cj;/ lbg'k5{ . pgLx¿nfO{ u'Kr/ ljefudf gf]s/L lbg'k5{ . pgn] dlxnf Clifsf jf leIf'0fLnfO{ klg ;dfj]z u/]sf 5g\ -;fdzf:qL, ;g\ !(%! M !&_ . a|fXd0f ljwjf dlxnfx¿ klg kl/j|lhsf jf Clifsf eP/ lxF8\y] . ltgLx¿nfO{ klg /fhfn] u'Ktr/sf] ¿kdf k|of]u ug'{k5{ -;fdzf:qL, ;g\ !(%! M @)_ . O;fk"j{ rf}yf] ztfAbLsf lu|s ljåfg\ d]u:ylghn] a|fXd0fx¿sf ;Gbe{df /fd|f] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g\ . pgn] lu|s efiffdf a|fXd0fnfO{ a|]rDofg]z eg]sf 5g\ eg] Clif d'lg jf >d0fx¿nfO{ ;|fDofg]; eg]sf 5g\ . ;fwf/0f ljBfyL{ / lzIfsnfO{ a|fXd0f elgGYof] . To:tf lzIfsx¿ u[x:y hLjgdf a:by] eg] a|fXd0f bfz{lgsx¿nfO{ >d0f elgGYof] . pgLx¿ kxf8sf u'kmf jf jgsf s'l6df a:by] . logLx¿ b'O{ k|sf/sf x'Gy] . klxnf] k|sf/sf >d0fx¿n] 8fof]lg;f]; -lzj_ nfO{ dfGby] eg] bf];|f] k|sf/sfn] x]/fSn]; -s[i0f_ nfO{ dfGby] . lzjnfO{ dfGg] >d0fx¿ w]/}h;f] kxf8df a:by] eg] s[i0fnfO{ dfGg] >d0fx¿ d}bfgL If]qdf a:by] -Dofslqm08n, ;g\ !*&& M (&_ . d]u:ylghsf cg';f/ z}j Clifx¿sf] 7'nf] ;Ddfg x'GYof] / pgLx¿nfO{ e]6\g / ;Nnfx lng /fhfx¿ klg hfGy] . o:tf Clifx¿df lrlsT;s klg x'Gy] . dlxnfx¿ klg z}j Clifsf x'Gy] t/ To:tf dlxnfx¿n] ljjfx ub}{gy] -Dofslqm08n, ;g\ !*&& M !)!–!)#_ . d]u]:ylghsf] sLlt{ x]bf{ k|frLg sfndf lzIfs, ljBfyL{ / Clif d'lgx¿ dfq} a|fXd0f x'Gy] . Clif d'lgx¿ kxf8L If]qdf x'g' eg]sf] :jefljs g} xf] . lsgls CUj]b ;/;tL{ x]bf{ klg Clif d'lgx¿nfO{ kxf8df a:g] elgPsf] 5 . To:t} CUj]bdf ef]hkqsf] pNn]v af/Daf/ cfPsf] b]lvG5 . Tof] ¿v lxdfnL If]q ckmuflg:tfg / o'/f]kdf dfq} e]l6G5 . Clif d'lgx¿ lxdfnL If]qdf a;]sf sf/0fn] ef]hkq ¿vsf] k|;ª\u CUj]bdf cfPsf] xf] . rf}wf}F ztfAbLdf n]lvPsf] uf]kfn/fh j+zfjnL cg';f/ sf7df8f}F pkTosfdf uf}td Clif / c¿ Clifx¿ a:g cfP . lsgls ToxfF >L e[u]Zj/ e§fs/sf] pbo ePsf] lyof] . e[u]Zj/ e§f/s eg]sf] lzjhLsf] gfd xf] . Tof] 7fpF rflxF Zn]ifdfGts jg lyof] . hxfF lzjhL 3'Dy] . To; sf/0fn] ToxfF uf]kfnx¿ klg cfP . g]k eGg] uf]kfnsf] ax'/L eGg] Pp6f v}/f] /ªsf] ufO{ lyof] . h'g jfudtL gbLsf] lsgf/df uP/ Pp6f Kjfndf b'w emfYof]{ . g]kn] Tof] b]v]/ To; Kjfndf vGg yfNof] . To;kl5 ToxfF lzjlnª\u e]l6of] -jh|frfo{ / dNn, ;g\ !(*% M !@!_ . oxfFaf6 s] a'lemG5 eg] k|frLgsfnb]lv g} g]kfnsf] kxf8L If]qdf Clif d'lgx¿n] af; ub{y] . :sGw k'/f0fsf] g]kfn dxfTDodf ljZjfldq Clifn] sf}lzsL -sf]zL_ / /f]ifdtL -/f];L_ gbLsf] bf]efgdf tk:of u/L ToxfF ltgn] ljZjfldq]Zj/ lzjlnª\u :yfkgf u/]sf lyP . cfh o; 7fpFnfO{ b'Dhfsf] s'z]Zj/ dxfb]j elgG5 / logL sf]O/fnf / dxh{g g]jf/x¿sf s'n b]jtf x'g\ . ToxL u|Gydf sf}lzsLnfO{ ljZjfldq ClifsL alxgL elgPsf] 5 . o;} u/L ljZjfldqn] lg/dtL / z]ifdtL -/f]zL_ sf] bf]efgdf dxflzjlnª\u :yfkgf u/]sf lyP -kf]v/]n, lj=;+= @)&^ M ^*_ . lg/dlt eg]sf] OGb|jtL xf] / /f];L eg]sf] ;'gsf]zLdf ldl;g] xf] . of] 7fpFnfO{ cfh bf]nfn3f6 elgG5 . h'g sfe|]knf~rf]sdf 5 . cfh klg Tof] k|frLg sfnsf] lzjlnª\u 5 . h;nfO{ 8f]n]Zj/ dxfb]j elgG5 . oxfFaf6 s] a'lemG5 eg] k|frLg sfnb]lv g} g]kfn z}jx¿sf] e"ld xf] / oxfF Clif d'lgx¿n] cfˆgf sLlt{x¿sf] pTkfbg u/]sf lyP . blIf0fsf] d}bfgL If]q t k|of]u :yn lyof] . 5}6f}F ztfAbL O;fk"j{ lt/ Clif d'lgx¿nfO{ >d0f elgGYof] . >d0fx¿n] b]jL b]jtf dfly lge{/ geO{ dg'iox¿nfO{ g}lts cfr/0fsf] dfWodaf6 cfˆgf] ;d'bfo;Fu hf]l8lbP . b]jL b]jtfx¿sf] :yfg sd{n] lnof] . j}lbs k/Dk/fdf nfk/jfxL, sGh';L / cfn:onfO{ g/fd|f] u'0f dflgGYof] eg] >d0fx¿n] ef]uljnf;, cxª\sf/ / lx+;fnfO{ b'u'{0f dfg] -kf08], ;g\ !(&* M #!_ . >d0fx¿sf ljleGg ;Dk|bfox¿ u0fdf ;+ul7t x'Gy] . pgLx¿sf] k|d'vnfO{ u0fL / ;¶f elgGYof] . pgLx¿n] cfˆgf] pQ/flwsf/L cfk}mn] 5gf]6 uy]{ . hals af}4x¿df ;+3sf] rng lyof] -kf08], ;g\ !(&* M #^_ . >d0fx¿sf] k/Dk/fdf ljifoj:t'nfO{ 5nkmn, jfbljjfb / cfnf]rgf ug]{ rng lyof] . af}4 kfln u|Gy lb3 lgsfosf] dxfkl/lgjGt ;'Qsf cg';f/ a|fXd0fx¿ dxlif{ / >d0fx¿ eg]/ lrlgGy] . To; u|Gydf Clif d'lgx¿nfO{ >d0f / a|fXd0f elgPsf] 5 . k|l;4 >d0fx¿sf gfd o; k|sf/ lbOPsf] 5 M k'/fgsZok, dVvfnL uf]zfn, lguGygf6 k'q, ;~ho j]nfyL k'Q, kx'w srfog / clht s]z sDan . oL dxlif{x¿ uf}td a'4sf kfnfdf k|l;4 lyP . t/ o; u|Gydf uf}td a'4nfO{ dxlif{x¿df ;aeGbf >]i7 dflgPsf] 5 -lb3 lgsfo, !^M#$_ . b]x/fb'gsf] sN;Ldf e]l6Psf] t];|f] ztfAbL O;fk"j{sf] lznfn]vdf ;d|f6 czf]sn] af]wuofdf >d0f / a|fXd0fx¿nfO{ bfg blIf0ff lbPsf] pNn]v 5 -xN6em, ;g\ !(@% M #^–#&_ . ToxL 7fpFdf e]l6Psf] ;d|f6 czf]ssf] csf]{ lznfn]vdf pNn]v 5 ls ojgx¿df afx]s a|fXd0f / >d0f gePsf] b]z 5}g -xN6em, ;g\ !(@% M $#_ . rf}yf] ztfAbL O;fk"j{sf] kfl0fgLsf] ci6fWofoLdf Clif d'lgx¿nfO{ lzIfs elgPsf] 5 . cfrfo{ eg]sf] prf] :t/sf] lzIfs xf] . To;kl5 k|jQmf eg]sf] j]bx¿sf] JofVoftf xf] . ;|f]t[of eg]sf] aRrfx¿nfO{ j]b k9fpg] lzIfs xf] eg] cWofks eg]sf] wfld{s u|Gyx¿ afx]s lj1fg / c¿ ljifox¿ k9fpg] lzIfs xf] -cu|jfn, ;g\ !(%# M @*@–@*#_ . kfl0fgLn] o:tf lzIfsx¿nfO{ tk:jL eg]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿nfO{ ;Gt klg elgPsf] 5 . pgn] leIf' / d:s/L eGg] zAbx¿ Clif d'lgx¿sf nflu k|of]u u/]sf 5g\ -cu|jfn, ;g\ !(%# M #*)_ . pgn] dVvfnL uf]znsf lziox¿nfO{ d:s/L eg]sf 5g\ -cu|jfn, ;g\ !(%# M #*!_ . To:t} pgn] Clif d'lgx¿sf nflu >d0f eGg] zAbsf] k|of]u u/]sf 5g\ -cu|jfn, ;g\ !(%# M #*#_ . lzIfs / ljBfyL{ dfq} a|fXd0f dflgGy] . d]u]l:yghn] klg logLx¿nfO{ a|fXd0f eg]sf 5g\ . k"hfcfhf ug]{ h:tf] sfd sljnfx¿sf] ;dfhdf k/Dk/f cg';f/ kl/jf/sf] s'nsf] jl/i7 k'?ifn] uYof]{ . Toltv]/ k"hfcfhf ug]{ a|fXd0f hflt lyPg -sf]zfDaL, ;g\ !((& M *@_ . j]bx¿df x]bf{ hgsNof0fsf] nflu Clif d'lgx¿n] xf]d o1 u/]sf] b]lvG5 . k|frLg sljnfx¿sf] ;dfhdf b]jL dfGg] k/Dk/f lyof] / Clif d'lgx¿ sljnfsf k|tLsx¿af6 lrlgGy] . oL k|tLsx¿ r/f] jf kz' x'Gy] . h'g Clif d'lgx¿sf] gfdn] ;ª\s]t ub{5 . h:tf] s'lzsf eg]sf] nf6f] sf];]/f] xf] . d08's]o eg]sf] Eofu'tf] xf] . uf}td eg]sf] ;fF8] xf] . jT; eg]sf] ufOsf] afR5f] xf] . ;'gs eg]sf] s'Ss'/ xf] -r§f]kfWofo, ;g\ !(%( M *$_ . ljZjfldq Clif s'lzsf jf nf6f] sf];]/f] r/f]sf] k|tLs ePsf] sljnfsf /fhf lyP t/ pgL ;dfh Tofu]/ Clif eP . jlzi7 ClifnfO{ pj{zLsf] 5f]/f] elgPsf] 5 eg] pgnfO{ 3}6f]af6 hlGdPsf] elgPsf] 5 . pgsf lktf lyPgg\ . To:t} j}lbs ;flxTodf c¿ Clif d'lg h:tf] cu:To ClifnfO{ klg 3}6f]af6 hlGdPsf] elgPsf] 5 . h'g dlxnfsf] ue{sf] k|tLs xf] . oxfFaf6 s] b]lvG5 eg] oL Clif d'lgx¿ b]jL dfGg] sljnfx¿af6 cfPsf lyP . pgLx¿nfO{ lktfsf] gfdsf] cfjZostf g} lyPg . 3}6f] dlxnfsf] ue{sf] k|tLs xf] eg] of] b]jLsf] k|ltlglwTj xf] -sf]zfDaL, ;g\ !((& M *@–*#_ . k|frLg sfndf b]jL dfGg] k|rng nf]slk|o lyof] eGg] s'/f CUj]baf6} :ki6 x'G5 . hxfF ;Kt dft[sfsf] pNn]v 5 . ltgLx¿nfO{ wg / ;d[l4 lbg] elgPsf] 5 . pgLx¿nfO{ xf]d o1sf] lzIfs dflgPsf] 5 -CUj]b, (M!)@=$_ . CUj]bdf ;Kt dft[sfsf] gfd o; k|sf/ lbOPsf] 5 M Onf, /fqL, lgzf, ef/tL, piff, ;/:jtL / clbtL . Onf, /fqL, lgzf eg]sf sflnsf b]jLsf gfd x'g\ eg] piff, clbtL, ef/tL / ;/:jtL rflxF 1fgsL b]jL ;/:jtLs} gfd x'g\ . CUj]bsf] b]jL ;'Qmdf k|s[ltsf] lhDdf b]jLn] lnPsL 5g\ . pgn] dg'io, r/fr'?ª\uL / c¿ kz'x¿sf] kfng kf]if0f / x]/rfx ul5{g\ . pgnfO{ ;aeGbf klxnf xf]d jf o1df k'lhG5 / pgn] g} 1fg lblG5g\ -CUj]b, !)M!@%_ . To:t} CUj]bsf] /fqL ;'Qmdf piff jf ;/:jtLnfO{ /fqL b]jLsL alxgL elgPsf] 5 . pgLnfO{ ;'/Iff, 1fg / ;d[l4sf nflu k'lhPsf] 5 . pgn] c1fgtfsf] cGwsf/ x6fP/ dg'iox¿nfO{ 1fg lblG5g\ -CUj]b, !)M!@&_ . z'Sn oh'j]{bdf b]jLnfO{ g} ;a}eGbf 7'nf] cnf}lss zlQm dflgPsf] 5 . hxfF ?b|nfO{ clDasf b]jLsf bfh' elgPsf] 5 / pgnfO{ g} ;d[l4, 1fg / zlQm lbg] elgPsf] 5 -z'Sn oh'j]{b, !M%&–%*_ . Clif d'lgx¿ jgsf s'l6 jf kxf8sf u'kmfx¿df a:g] eP klg pgLx¿l;t lzIff lng ;dfhdf /x]sf /fhf jf ;fwf/0f dg'iox¿n] klg cfˆgf ;GtfgnfO{ Clif d'lgx¿ sxfF k9\g k7fpFy] . To; sf/0fn] Clif d'lgx¿ a;]sf] 7fpF g} u'?s'n aGbYof] . CUj]bdf pNn]v 5 ls tk;n] tNnf] :t/sf] dflg; klg dflyNnf] :t/df k'U5 cyf{t\ lzlIft JolQm clzlIft eGbf dfly g} x'G5 -CUj]b, !)M!)(=$_ . u'?s'n k/Dk/f CUj]bdf pNn]v eP cg';f/ ljBfyL{x¿ cfk}m Clif d'lgx¿l;t u'?s'ndf a:g hfGy] -CUj]b, !M!!@=@_ . CUj]bn] ljBfyL{x¿sf] Ifdtf cg';f/ tLgj6f :t/df afF8]sf] 5 M dxfk|1f, dWodk|1f / cNkk|1f . l;Sg] / ;f]Rgsf Ifdtf cg';f/ ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ :t/x¿df afF8]sf] xf] -CUj]b, !)M&!=&_ . n]Vg] sndnfO{ cf/f eGy] h'g wft'n] ag]sf] x'GYof] / 3f]s]/ ;'Qmx¿ jf u'?n] k9fPsf jfSox¿ n]Vg] rng lyof] -CUj]b, !M!^$=$!, ^M%#=%–*_ . ljBfyL{ / Clif d'lg b'O{6} a|fXd0f dflgGy] -CUj]b, &M!)#=!_ . Clif d'lg / ljBfyL{x¿sf] kl/ifb ag]sf] x'GYof], hxfF pgLx¿ e]6 eP/ 5nkmn / jfbljjfb ub{y] -d'vhL{, ;g\ !($& M !##–!#$_ . To:t} j[xbf/0os pklgifb / ztky a|fXd0faf6 b]lvG5 ls Clif d'lgx¿sf] ;Dd]ng x'GYof] . hxfF /fhf hgssf] ljb]xdf ePsf] ;Dd]ngdf o1jNSo Clifn] c¿ ;Kt Clifx¿nfO{ 5nkmn / jfbljjfbdf lht]/ /fhf hgsaf6 !))) -Ps xhf/_ j6f ufO{x¿ k'/:sf/df kfP -d'vhL{, ;g\ !($& M !#&–!#*_ . ztky a|fXd0f pNn]v eP cg';f/ e]befj gul/sg Clif d'lgx¿n] o'jtL, df5f dfg]{sf ;Gtfg / Jofkf/L oxfF;Dd ls ck/flwsf ;Gtfg eP klg cfˆgf] lzio agfpFy] -d'vhL{, ;g\ !($& M !#*_ . ljb]x rflxF 1fgsf] s]Gb| lyof], hxfF w]/} h;f] Clif d'lgx¿ e]nf x'Gy] -d'vhL{, ;g\ !($& M !$!_ . ljb]x kl5 sf]zn 1fgsf] s]Gb| lyof] . hxfF k|ofudf ef/åfh Clifsf] u'?s'n lyof] -d'vhL{, ;g\ !($& M !$*–!$(_ . kfl0fgL Clifsf cg';f/ u'?s'ndf sZok Clif, o1jNSo Clif / ljZjfldq Clifsf s[ltx¿ w]/} h;f] k9fOGYof] -d'vhL{, ;g\ !($& M @#)–@#!_ . kfl0fgL O;fk"j{ rf}yf] ztfAbLsf] dWolt/sf Clif lyP . pgsf] n]vaf6 s] a'lemG5 eg] z}jx¿sf] bz{g g} nf]slk|o lyof] . u'?s'ndf ljBfyL{x¿sf] lzIff ;DaGwL sf}l6Nosf] cy{zf:qn] /fd|f] hfgsf/L lbG5 . sf}l6No klg kfl0fgLs} ;dsfnLg lyP . pgsf cg';f/ u'?s'ndf tLgj6f j]b, CUj]b, oh'j]{b / ;fdj]b k9fO x'GYof] . To;kl5 b08gLlt jf /fhgLlts zf:q k9fO x'GYof] . pgsf cg';f/ ;f+Vo, of]u / nf]sfot bz{gx¿ k9fO x'GYof] . Clif slknsf] ;f+Vo bz{g, jlzi7sf] of]u / nf]sfot eg]sf] sZok Clifsf] j}z]lifs ;"q / sf}l8Go Clifsf] kfz'kt ;"q x'g\ -d'vhL{, ;g\ !($& M @$^–@$&_ . sf}l6Nosf cg';f/ ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ n]Vg / ul0ft l;sfOGYof] . o;} u/L cGTodf b08gLlt k9fOGYof] -d'vhL{, ;g\ !($& M @$&_ . ;f]x| ;q jif{ k'u]kl5 ljBfyL{n] cfˆgf] ljifo 5gf]6 ug{ kfpFYof] . s;}n] h:tf] /fhfsf] 5f]/fn] ;]gf ;DaGwL lzIff lnGy], s;}n] Oltxf; k9\y] eg] s;}n] s[lif, kz'kfng / Jofkf/ ;DaGwL ljifo 5gf]6 uy]{ -d'vhL{, ;g\ !($& M @$&–@$*_ . k|frLgsfndf tIfzLnf ljZjljBfno k|l;4 lyof] . ljZjljBfno eGg] zAb o'lgel;{6Lsf] cg'jfb xf] . t/ k|frLgsfndf o;nfO{ u'?s'n elgGYof] . of] 7fpF cfh kfls:tfgdf kb{5 / o;nfO{ tlIfnf eGb5g\ . of] u'?s'n x'0fx¿sf] cfqmd0f ePkl5 ;g\ $%) O:jLlt/ tx;gx; eof] . oxfF p2fns c?l0f Clifn] k9fpFy] . pgL o1jNSosf u'? lyP . r/s Clifn] ToxL k9]sf lyP . To:t} kfl0fgL Clif / sf}l6Non] klg ToxL k9\g] / k9fpg] u/]sf lyP . of] u'?s'n ;f+Vo, Gofo / j}z]lifs bz{gsf nflu k|l;4 lyof] . oxfF ul0ft, cfo'j]{b, rf/j6f j]b, ;ª\uLt, efiff, ;}lgs tflnd, s[lif, Jofkf/, kz'kfng / lzNksnfx¿ k9fOGYof] -cfK6], ;g\ !(&! M !#–!$_ . kl5Nnf] ;dodf oxfF af}4 u|Gyx¿ klg k9fOGYof] -cfK6], ;g\ !(&! M !%_ . To:t} dWosfn;Dd klg gfnGbf ljZjljBfno, jNn eL u'?s'n ljqmdzLnf u'?s'n k|l;4 lyP -cfK6],;g\ !(&!_ . u'?s'nx¿df ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ lgMz'Ns lzIff lbOGYof] . u'?s'n leIffdf cfPsf] bfg blIf0ffdf g} rNbYof] . oxfF ljBfyL{ slDtdf klg kRrL; jif{;Dd a:g' kYof]{ . u'?s'ndf a:bf ltgLx¿ a|Xdrf/L g} x'Gy] . u'?s'n k/Dk/f afx|f}F ztfAbLsf] cGTolt/ uP/ nf]k eof] . ha dWo Plzofaf6 cfPsf t's{x¿n] pQ/L ef/t dfly cfqmd0f u/]/ u'?s'nx¿nfO{ ;dfKt u/] . ljk|x¿sf] bz{g M Ps ljZn]if0f dg'iosf] efjgf / cGt/1fg k|s[ltn] g} lbPsf u'0f x'g\ . dg'io hLjgdf o:tf If0fx¿ x'G5g\, ha JolQmn] ;f]Rb5 / ;f+;fl/s ;d:of Pj+ dg'io hLjgsf cfofdx¿nfO{ leGg tl/sfn] x]g]{ / a'‰g] k|of; ub{5 . cyf{t\ cjl:yt 1fgnfO{ ;d[4 agfpFb} gofF ljrf/ jf l;4fGt lbG5 . 1fgsf If]qdf ts{, 5nkmn / ljrf/ ljdz{ ug]{ ;f]rfOsf] cfsf/nfO{ bz{g elgG5 . hxfF ljrf/ / ;+sygx¿n] l;4fGtsf] ¿k lnG5g\ . j}lbssfnb]lv g} Clif d'lgx¿n] cfˆgf ;f]rfO / ljrf/x¿nfO{ sljtfsf] ¿kdf 9fn]/ uLt ufpFy] . o;/L g} j]bx¿sf] /rgf eof] . lsgls k|frLgsfndf cfˆgf ljrf/x¿nfO{ sljtfsf] dfWodn] JoQm ug]{ eg]sf] ;Eotfsf] klxrfg dflgGYof] . Clif d'lgx¿n] j]bsf Crfx¿nfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ ljrf/x¿nfO{ yk ljsl;t u/] . o;/L g} ^ j6f cfl:ts bz{g / uf}td a'4sf] gfl:ts bz{gsf] hGd eof] . a'4n] j]bnfO{ cflwsfl/s gdfg] klg pgn] jlzi7sf] of]u / slkn d'lgsf] ;f+Voaf6 d"n ljrf/x¿ lnPsf 5g\ . lb3 lgsfosf] cDay ;'Qdf a'4n] bzhgf j}lbs Clifx¿nfO{ cflwsfl/s dfG5g\ . h;sf gfdx¿ xfdLn] dfly g} pNn]v ul/;s]sf 5f}F -lb3 lgsfo, #M^_ . bz{g eg]sf] b[li6sf]0f jf kl/k|]Io xf] . bz{g eGg] zAb b[zaf6 cfPsf] xf] . h;sf] cy{ x'G5 x]g]{ jf cg'ej ug]{ . x]/]/ a'e]msf] / cg'ej u/]sf ;fdu|Lx¿af6 bz{g aGb5 . klZrdf 1fg k|0ffnLdf lkmnf];kmL eGg] zAb lu|s efiffsf] lkmnf];lkmofaf6 cfPsf] xf] . h;sf] cy{ x'G5 1fgk|ltsf] k|]d . lkmnf];kmLsf] cy{ Jojl:yt cWoog xf] . h;n] cl:tTj, ljj]s, ts{, 1fg, d"No, dfGotf, dg dl:tis / efiffsf] cWoog Pj+ cg';Gwfg u5{ . lkmnf];kmLsf] d'Vo rl/q cfnf]rgfTds 5nkmn, ljj]sjfbL ts{ / Jojl:yt k|:t'tLs/0f x'g\ . lu|sx¿n] cf}ifwL / k|s[ltsf /x:ox¿ a'‰g cWoog ub{y] . o:tf] sfo{nfO{ pgLx¿n] k|fs[lts lkmnf];kmL eGby] . cfly{s ;d[l4 / k|frLg lu|sx¿sf] k|fs[lts lkmnf];kmLaf6 pmhf{ lnP/ klZrdfx¿n] lj1fg / k|ljlwdf ljsf; u/]sf x'g\ . hals blIf0f Plzof jf ef/t v08df cfly{s ;d:of / u/Llasf sf/0f 1fgsf] pTkfbgdf ;d:of ;[hgf ul/lbPsf] 5 . lsgls kl/jf/ kfNg] / k};f sdfpg] v]ndf dg'iox¿ k'm;{lbnf x'Fb}gg\ . To; sf/0fn] ;dfhdf af}l4s 5nkmn / jfbljjfb klg /fd|/L x'g ;Sb}g . h;n] ubf{ 1fgsf] pTkfbgdf ;d:of x'G5 . kmn:j¿k ef/t v08sf lgjf;Lx¿ klZrdf 1fgsf pkef]Qmf ag]sf 5g\ . cfl:ts bz{g / af}4 bz{gsf k':tsx¿ x]bf{ b]lvG5 ls k|frLg Clif d'lgx¿n] 1fgsf] If]qdf k|ult u/]sf lyP . Gofo / j}z]lifs bz{g x]bf{ b]lvG5 ls ljj]sjfb / ts{df k|frLg Clif d'lgx¿ klZrdf lu|s ljåfg\x¿ eGbf sd lyPgg\ . rf}yf] ztfAbL O;fk"j{sf] cGTolt/ ;d|f6 rGb|u'Kt df}o{sf] b/af/df /fhb't eP/ cfPsf lu|s ljåfg\ Dofu]l:yG;n] eG5g\ ls ef/tLo bfz{lgsx¿n] ;fj{hlgs st{Jox¿ ub}{gy] . pgLx¿ s;}sf :jfdL x'Fb}gy] g t s;}sf ;]js g} x'Gy] . pgLx¿df s]xLn] c¿sf nflu xf]d o1 ub{y] / >f4 klg ub{y] . o:tf sfo{ u/]/ pgLx¿n] bfg blIf0ff kfpFy] -Dofslqm08n, ;g\ !*&& M $)–$!_ . oxfF Dofu]l:yG;n] j}i0fj Clifx¿sf] k|;ª\u b]vfPsf 5g\ . lsgls >f4 / c¿sf 3/df uP/ k"hfcfhf ug]{ sfd j}i0fj Clifx¿n] ub{y] . Dofy]l:yG;sf cg';f/ ;a} bfz{lgsx¿ jif{ lbgsf] ;'?jftdf e]nf eP/ v8]/L / jiff{sf] ;Gbe{df 5nkmn uy]{ / hgtfnfO{ k"j{ r]tfjgL lbGy] . pgLx¿n] x'l/ atf;sf] klg k"j{ r]tfjgL lbGy] . oL bfz{lgsx¿n] hgtfnfO{ nfe x'g] ljifosf af/]df 1fg lbGy] . h:tf] /f]ux¿sf af/]df hgtfnfO{ hfgsf/L lbGy] -Dofslqm08n, ;g\ !*&& M $!_ . Dofu]l:ygsf cg';f/ ef/tLo bfz{lgsx¿sf ljrf/ k|s[ltsf zlQm / /x:osf] ;Gbe{df sdhf]/ 5g\ . pgLx¿n] w]/}h;f] syfx¿df ljZjf; u5{g\ . oL bfz{lgsx¿n] ljZjf; u5{g\ ls k[YjL ;[li6sf] s]Gb| xf] -Dofslqm08n, ;g\ !*&& M !))–!)!_ oxfF Dofu]l:yG;n] ef/tLo bfz{lgsx¿sf] d'Vo sdhf]/L b]vfPsf 5g\ . k|frLg lu|sx¿n] h:tf] ef/tLox¿n] k|fs[lts lkmnf];kmLsf] ljsf; ug{ ;s]gg\ . k|fs[lts lkmnf];kmL eg]sf] lj1fg xf] . bz{gsf k':tsx¿ x]bf{ b]lvG5 ls sZok Clifsf] j}z]lifs ;"qdf kbfy{nfO{ a'‰g] k|of; ul/Psf] 5 . To:t} cfo'j]{bdf ef/tLox¿n] k|ult u/]sf lyP . t/ klg lj1fgsf] ljsf; x'g ;s]g . kf}/fl0fs syf / cGwljZjf;n] lj1fgnfO{ afwf k'¥ofof] . Dofu]l:yG;n] lj1fgdf ef/tLox¿sf] sdhf]/L b]vfP klg c¿ ljifosf] ;Gbe{df eG5g\ ls ef/tLo bfz{lgsx¿ lu|s / l;l/ofsf o'xbLx¿ eGbf sd 5}gg\ -Dofslqm08n, ;g\ !*&& M !)#_ . Dofu]l:yG;n] ef/tLo bfz{lgsx¿sf] k|efjzfnL bz{gsf] af/]df hfgsf/L lbG5g\ / ToxL bz{gsf sf/0fn] lj1fgdf k|ult x'g ;s]g . pgsf cg';f/ ef/tsf] d}bfgL If]qsf a|fXd0f bfz{lgsx¿ zfsfxf/L lyP . pgLx¿df s;}n] ¿vsf] kmn l6k]/ vfg' eg]sf] kfk dfGby] / ¿vaf6 em/]sf] kmn dfq} vfGy] . pgLx¿n] ;f]Rby] ls z/L/ eg]sf] cfTdfsf] sk8f xf] . O{Zj/ eg]sf k|sfz x'g\ -Dofslqm08n, ;g\ !*&& M !@)_ . dg'iox¿ o'4sf s}bL h:t} OR5f, qmf]w, df]x / nf]edf afFlwPsf x'G5g\ . pgLx¿n] cfTdf / k/dfTdfdf dfq} Wofg s]lGb|t u5{g\ . pgLx¿n] z/L/nfO{ ;ª\3if{sf] ;|f]t dfG5g\ . cfTdf gbLaf6 df5f aflx/ cfP h:t} z/L/af6 aflx/ lg:sG5 -Dofslqm08n, ;g\ !*&& M !@@_ . oxfF j]bfGt bz{gsf] emns b]lvG5 . o; bz{gdf s'g} ts{ jf sf/0fsf] dxŒj 5}g . of] bz{g ljZjf; dfly g} cfwfl/t 5 . tYo / tYofª\s lagfsf ;ª\syg hlt klg lbg ;lsG5 . cnf}lss rl/qsf ;ª\sygx¿n] ls;fg / dhb'/x¿nfO{ ;lhn} k|efj kfg{ ;SYof] . To; sf/0fn] j]bfGt ;dfhdf k|efjzfnL aGof] . w]/} h;f] ls;fg / dhb'/ cgk9 Pj+ clzlIft x'Gy] . pgLx¿n] kf}/fl0fs syfx¿df ;lhn} ljZjf; ug{ ;Sy] . ax';+Vos ef/tLox¿sf ;Gbe{df Dofu]l:yG;n] eG5g\ ls ef/tdf s'g} lnlvt lgod sfg'g 5}g . lsgls pgLx¿ cgk9 5g\ / ;fwf/0f hLjg latfpF5g\ . pgLx¿n] rfdnsf] /S;L lkpF5g\ . pgLx¿ cbfntdf klg hfFb}gg\ -Dofslqm08n, ;g\ !*&& M ^(–&)_ . pgLx¿df k};fsf] n]gb]g klg df}lvs cfwf/df g} x'G5 -Dofslqm08n, ;g\ !*&& M &)_ . oxfFaf6 a'lemG5 ls Dofu]l:yG;sf] kfnfdf ax';+Vos ef/tLox¿ clzlIft, r~rn / cl:y/ :jefjsf x'Gy] . pgLx¿nfO{ j]bfGtn] ;lhn} k|efjdf kf/]sf] lyof] . To; sf/0fn] k|fs[lts bz{g jf lj1fgsf] ljsf; x'g ;s]g . t/ klg k|frLg ef/tdf Gofo / j}z]lifs bz{gn] ts{ / j}1flgs vf]hnfO{ k|f]T;fxg u/]sf] lyof] . oL bz{gx¿ Clif d'lg / 1fgLx¿df dfq} ;Lldt lyP . hals hg:t/df sNkgfsf] cfwf/df ag]sf] j]bfGt bz{gn] h/f] uf8]sf] lyof] . hgtfn] ljleGg k|sf/sf kf}/fl0fs syf / k"hfcfhfdf ljZjf; ub{y] . ha;Dd hgtfn] k'/f]lxtsf] bz{gnfO{ k|Zg jf cfnf]rgf ub}{gy] ta;Dd k'/f]lxtn] cnf}lss syf / k"hfcfhfdf hgtfl;t} ;+nUg x'Gy] / k'/f]lxtsf] bz{g oyfy{l;t ;Dks{df cfP/ ckljq x'Fb}gYof] . o:tf] cfbz{jfbL bz{gsf] ;fOgf] jf:tljs hLjgl;t gePsf]df hgtfnfO{ u'gf;f] lyPg -sf];fDaL, ;g\ !(^@ M !_ . lsgls clzlIft hgtfn] k'/f]xltsf ;ª\sygdf zª\sf ug{ ;Sb}gy] . j]bfGt bz{gn] ef/tLox¿sf] dgnfO{ lj1fgtk{m hfg g} lbPg . lsgls To; bz{gsf] ;fdflhs cfly{s cfofddf 7"nf] e"ldsf lyof] . pklgifb, ci6fjqmsf] uLtf, of]u jlzi7, jb/fo0f Clifsf] j]bfGt ;"q / eujb uLtf j]bfGt bz{gsf ;|f]t x'g\ . o:tf s[ltx¿n] ;fdflhs lqmofsnfknfO{ j}wflgstf lbG5g\ . k'/f]lxtsf] cfo k"hfcfhfaf6 g} cfpg] sf/0fn] ;fdflhs lqmofsnfk / juL{o ljefhgnfO{ k'/f]lxtx¿n] j}wflgstf lbP . juL{o zf]if0fnfO{ lj/f]w gug'{ g} k'/f]lxtsf] ;'/lIft dfu{ lyof] . lsgls k'/f]lxtx¿n] k"hfcfhf u/]/ g} hLljsf]kfh{g ub{y] . j]bfGt bz{gsf] /fd|f] pbfx/0f eujb uLtfdf kfOG5 . j]bfGtnfO{ pQ/lddf+;f klg elgG5 . of] j}i0fj ;Dk|bfosf] rlr{t bz{g xf] . o; bz{gn] cfTdf / k/dfTdfdf g} Wofg s]lGb|t ub{5 . o;df b'O{j6f ljrf/ 5g\ M cå]t / å]t . cå]tn] dfG5 ls cfTdf k/dfTdf jf O{Zj/s} cª\u xf] / cfTdf / O{Zj/df km/s 5}g . o:tf] ljrf/n] ubf{ dg'io leq g} cfTdfsf] ¿kdf O{Zj/n] af; u5{g\ eGg] b[li6sf]0f lbof] . To:t} å]tsf] ljrf/df cfTdf / O{Zj/ km/s x'g\ . o; bz{gsf cg';f/ O{Zj/ sf/0f x'g\ / ;+;f/ eg]sf] k|efj xf] . h'g ljjt{ xf] cyf{t\ ;+;f/ eg]sf] O{Zj/sf] cjf:tljs cleJolQm xf] . oxfFaf6 s] a'lemG5 eg] j]bfGtn] kbfy{nfO{ oyfy{ dfGb}g / o;sf] ?lr cfTdf / k/dfTdf l;t dfq} 5 . s'g} klg bz{g cfWoflTds ljifodf g} s]lGb|t eof] eg] zª\sf x'G5 ls To;n] zf;s ju{s} :jfy{sf] ;]jf ub{5 . wlg / zlQmzfnL ju{s} :jfy{df k'/f]ltx¿n] j]bfGt bz{g agfP . lsgls ToxL ju{sf JolQmx¿n] k'/f]lxtx¿nfO{ w]/} wfg blIf0ff lbg ;Sy] . 3/sf] k|d'v k'?if x'gsf] sf/0fn] k"hfcfhf klg p;}n] u/fpFYof] . To; sf/0f j]bfGtn] wlg / zlQmzfnLs} kIf lnG5 . j]bfGt bz{gn] s'lng kl/jf/sf k'?ifx¿s} kIf lnG5 eGg] s'/f eujb uLtfaf6 :ki6 x'G5 . s[i0fn] eG5g\ hf] d]/f] z/0fdf cfpF5 Tof] kfk of]gL h:tf] :qL, j}Zj / z'b| eP klg p;n] k/dult kfpF5 cyf{t\ df]If kfpF5 -efujb uLtf, (M#@_ . oxfF :qL, j}Zo -Jofkf/L_ / z'b| -ls;fg / dhb'/_ x¿ s'lng kl/jf/sf k'?ifx¿ eGbf tNnf] :t/sf x'g\ eGg] a'lemG5 . pgLx¿nfO{ hGdaf6 g} kfkL eGg] b]vfOPsf] 5 . To:t} s[i0fn] eG5g\ d}n] g} rf/j6f j0f{ u'0f / sd{sf] cfwf/df 5'6\ofPsf] 5' . d}n] o:tf] Joj:yf agfP klg dnfO{ s]xL gug]{ / cho cd/ dfGg' k5{ -eujb uLtf, $M!#_ . o:tf Znf]sn] ;fdflhs cfly{s cj:yfnfO{ j}wflgstf lbPsf] b]lvG5 . cfrf/ ljrf/ ta cfpF5g\ ha ltgLx¿n] ;fdflhs cfjZostfsf] k"lt{ ub{5g\ . juL{o ljeflht ;dfhdf pTkfbg ug]{ ls;fg / dhb'/x¿n] tf]lslbPsf] k];f u/]gg\ eg] lj/f]wef; a9\5 / åGå x'g ;S5 . To; sf/0fn] cfjZostf lyof] ls ls;fg / dhb'/x¿n] cfˆgf] k];f ul//x'g\ . s[i0fn] eG5g\ ltdLx¿nfO{ lgwf{l/t k]zf ug]{ clwsf/ 5 . t/ sd{sf] kmndfly clwsf/ 5}g . ltdLx¿n] sd{sf] kmnsf sf/0f cfk}mnfO{ g7fg g t lgliqmotfdf ;+nUg xf}F -eujb jLtf, @M$&_ . oxfF ;f]e}m pTkfbg ug]{ hg;+Vofsf] zf]if0fnfO{ j}wflgstf lbPsf] b]lvG5 . o:tf] zf]if0fnfO{ z}j Clifx¿n] v'nf;f u/] . h:tf] ztky a|fXd0fdf o1jNSo Clifn] eG5g\ ls /fHon] hgtfnfO{ vfG5 . /fHo eg]sf] d[u h:tf] xf] / hgtf hf} h:tf x'g\ -ztky a|fXd0f, !#M@=(=*_ . k|frLg sfnsf] s[lif s]lGb|t ;dfhdf zf;sx¿n] ls;fgaf6 w]/} s/ p7fP/ wlg x'Gy] . To; sf/0fn] o1jNSo Clifn] eG5g\ ls olb Ifq -/fhgLlts zlQm_ nfO{ a|Xd -af}l4s zlQm_ n] lgb]{zg u/]g eg] e|i6 / zf]ifs x'g ;S5 . To; sf/0fn] a|Xd Ifq eGbf >]i7 dflgG5 -j[xbf/0os pklgifb, !M$=!!_ . o1jNSosf cg';f/ IfqLonfO{ e|i6 / zf]ifs x'gaf6 wd{ / ;Ton] dfq} /f]Sg ;Sb5 . To;f] gePdf zlQmzfnLn] lgw{g / b'a{nnfO{ vfG5 . s;}n] klg /fd|f]l;t st{Jo kfng ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . lsgls ToxfF zf]if0f x'G5 -j[xbf/0os pklgifb, !M$=!$_ . t/ klg z}j Clifx¿sf] ljrf/ / l;4fGt af}l4s ;d"xdf dfq} ;Lldt /Xof] . o;sf] Pp6f sf/0f s] xf] eg] pgLx¿sf] bz{gnfO{ lzlIftx¿n] dfq} a'‰g ;Sby] . z}jx¿sf Gofo / j}z]lifs bz{g x'g\ . Gofo bz{g ts{ zf:q xf] eg] j}z]lifs bz{gn] kbfy{ jf ;+;f/nfO{ a'‰g vf]H5 . clzlIft hgtfnfO{ o:tf bz{gx¿nfO{ a'‰g cK7\of/f] k5{ . hals kf}/fl0fs syf / cfbz{jfbL bz{g a'‰g cK7\of/f] kb}{g . To; sf/0fn] klg pTkfbg ug]{ hg;+Vof j]bfGt bz{gs} k|efjdf cfP . z}j bz{g eg]sf] oyfy{jfbL x'G5 . h'g clwef}lts jf cfbz{jfbL bz{gsf] lj?4df 5 . cfbz{jfbLx¿n] 1fg jf ljrf/nfO{ ;+;f/sf] s]Gb| dfG5g\ . j]bfGt bz{gn] lj/f]wfefifsf] l;4fgtnfO{ dfGb}g . To;n] kbfy{sf] ult, ljsf; / kl/jt{gnfO{ dfGb}g . hals å]tjfbn] kbfy{ / ljrf/ b'j}nfO{ ;+;f/sf] ;|f]t dfG5 . o;sf] /fd|f] pbfx/0f ;f+Vo bz{g xf] . t/ o; bz{gn] klg k'?if jf a|XdnfO{ g} kbfy{ eGbf 7"nf] dfG5 . a|Xd eg]sf] ljrf/ jf 1fg xf] . oyfy{jfbL jf z}j bz{gn] dfq} lj/f]wfefif, ult, ljsf; / kl/jt{gnfO{ dfGb5 . o; bz{gsf] ;/f]sf/ ;fwf/0f hgtfl;t 5 . hals j]bfGt / ;f+Vo bz{gsf] ;/f]sf/ wlg jf zf;s ju{l;t 5 / logn] o;} ju{sf] :jfy{sf] ;]jf u5{g\ . j]bfGt bz{gn] ;+;f/nfO{ k|yd ljrf/ jf O{Zj/sf] dfof jf 5fof dfG5 . o:tf] l;4fGtsf] ;'?jft k'hf/L jf k'/f]lxt, cGwljZjf; / efUojfbaf6 ePsf] xf] . hals z}jx¿sf] bz{gn] ;+;f/nfO{ oyfy{ dfG5 / ;+;f/df lj/f]wfefif x'G5 . lj/f]wfefifnfO{ ljk/Ltsf] Pstf klg elgG5 . o; l;4fGt cg';f/ s'g} j:t' jf cfsf/sf] cl:tTj jf klxrfg b'O{ cj:yfx¿sf] ;x cl:tTjdf lge{/ x'G5 . h'g Ps csf{sf ljk/Lt 5g\ t/ klg Ps csf{df lge{/ 5g\ / tgfjsf] If]qdf Ps csf{nfO{ cg'dfg u5{g\ -l;Gxf, ;g\ !(@# M !$!–!$@_ . sZok Clifsf cg';f/ JolQmx¿ s'g} ju{sf ;b:o x'g\ . dgn] JolQmx¿sf] af/]df ;f]R5b eg] ju{x¿sf] u'0f / cl:tTj klg dgn] ;f]Rg ;S5 . h'g åGådf PsLs[t 5g\ -l;Gxf, ;g\ !(@# M !$!–!$@_ . of] g} z}j l;4fGtsf] d"n ljrf/ xf] . h;sf cg';f/ ljk/Lt kIfx¿df ;ª\3if{ x'G5 / tL kIfx¿df u'0f:t/Lo kl/jt{g cfpF5 . sZok Clifsf] l;4fGtn] xfdLnfO{ ;+;f/df lj/f]wfefif x'G5 / dgn] kbfy{sf] JofVof u5{ . o;} u/L ljk/Lt kIf eg]sf sf/0f / k|efj, ;'v / b'Mv, lbg / /ft, hLjg / d[To', wlg / ul/a x'g\ . ljk/Lt kIfx¿ ljsf;sf] qmddf åGådf PsLs[t x'G5g\ . h:tf] b'O{j6f ;]gf Ps cfk;df n8\5g\ eg] pgLx¿sf] Pstf xf] . pgLx¿df u'0f:t/Lo kl/jt{g cfpF5 / k]ml/ åGådf PsLs[t x'G5g\ . Pstf eg]sf] ;fk]If x'G5 / ;ª\3if{ eg]sf] rln/xG5 . olb To;f] gx'Fbf ;+;f/sf] ljsf; g} /f]lsG5 . lsgls ;+;f/ lj/f]wfefifsf] l;4fGt cg';f/ g} rnfodfg 5 . ult eg]sf] lj/f]wfefif xf] / Tof] g} lj/f]wfefifx¿sf] Pstf xf] . j:t'lgi7tf eg]sf] s'g} ljZjJofkL OsfO{ xf]Og . lsgls ;+;f/ / ;f]rfOdf g} lj/f]wfefif x'G5 -l;Gxf, ;g\ !(@# M !$#_ . sZok Clifsf cg';f/ b'O{j6f ljk/Lt lnª\udf ;Def]u ePkl5 aNn h/fo'g / c08h hlGdG5g\ . kz' / dg'io h/fo'h x'g\ . r/fr'ª\uL / ;k{x¿ c08h x'g\ -l;Gxf, ;g\ !(@# M !$%–!$^_ . of] lj/f]wfefifsf] /fd|f] pbfx/0f xf] . oxfFaf6 s] a'lemG5 eg] z}j bz{g jf z}j l;4fGtn] ;+;f/nfO{ oyfy{ dfG5 . s'g} klg bz{g h;n] ;+;f/nfO{ dfof, dgsf] ;[hgf jf 5lj / Ifl0fs 36gfx¿sf] hl6ntf dfG5 . To:tf] bz{g cfbz{jfbL xf] . ToxfF ljrf/x¿ / dg'iosf sNkgf dfq} kfOG5 . To;sf] ;fOgf] tYo / tYofª\sl;t x'Fb}g . hgtfnfO{ e|ldt agfP/ cfbz{jfbL bz{gn] zf;s jf wlg ju{s} :jfy{sf] ;]jf u5{ . of] s'/f xfdLn] cfbz{jfbLx¿sf] ;dfhk|ltsf] b[li6sf]0f x]bf{ a'lemG5 . xfdLn] dfly g} j]bfGt bz{gsf] pbfx/0f lbPsf 5f}F . cfbz{jfbL bz{gsf] csf]{ /fd|f] pbfx/0f af}4 bz{g xf] . ;+o'Qm lgsfosf] afnkl08t ;'Qdf uf}td a'4n] eG5g\ ls dg'iosf] z/L/ c1fgtf / OR5fsf] kmn xf] . z/L/sf] ¿k / gfd x'G5 . cfˆgf OlGb|ox¿sf] ;Dks{df cfPkl5 dg'ion] ;'v / b'Mvsf] cg'ej u5{ . dg'iodf OR5f /lx/xG5 . To; sf/0fn] d[To' kl5 p;n] k]ml/ k'gh{Gd lnO/xG5 . 1flgn] ha OR5fnfO{ lgoGq0f u5{ / kljq hLjgsf] cg'z/0f u5{ ta d[To' kl5 k'gh{Gd x'Fb}g . p;n] hLjgsf] b'Mvaf6 d'lQm kfpF5 -;+o'Q lgsfo, !@M!(_ . dxfofg af}4 wd{sf k|efjzfnL bfz{lgs lbUgfuf -;g\ $*) – ;g\ %$)_ lyP . pgn] 1fgsf ;|f]t, cg'e"lt / cg'dfgnfO{ dfq} dfGy] . oxfF tYo / tYofª\ssf] :yfg 5}g . pgsf cg';f/ h] lrhnfO{ dg'ion] oyfy{ dfG5 Tof] a'l4sf] ;[hgf xf] . h] s'/f oyfy{df 5 To;nfO{ a'‰g ;lsFb}g . pgsf ljrf/af6 klZrdf cfbz{jfbL bfz{lgs ODofGo'Pn sf06 k|efljt ePsf lyP . sfG6sf cg';f/ j:t' jf p2]Zo 1fgsf] cg'¿k x'G5 . 7fpF / ;do j:t'ut oyfy{ xf]Ogg\ . oL oyfy{nfO{ a'‰g] JolQmk/s tl/sfx¿ x'g\ . oxfF xfdLn] lbUgfufsf] ljrf/ b]Vb5f}F -zf:qL, ;g\ !(&^ M @–#_ . af}4x¿n] ;+;f/sf] ;+Zn]if0fsf] jf:tljs l;4fGtnfO{ dfGb}gg\ . af}4x¿sf cg';f/ ;a} ;+Zn]if0fx¿ dg'iosf dfgl;s wf/0ffx¿ x'g\ -zf:qL, ;g\ !(&^ M !%%_ . af}4x¿sf cg';f/ oyfy{ eg]sf] :jfnIf0f jf cbljtLo ljj/0f / If0fx¿ x'g\ . h'g dg'iosf OlGb|ox¿n] cg'ej u5{g\ . 7fpF / ;do eg]sf dg'iox¿sf] wf/0ff dfq} xf] -zf:qL, ;g\ !(&^ M !*&_ . o;n] s] ljrf/ lbG5 eg] oyfy{ eg]sf] ultzLn x'G5 -zf:qL, ;g\ !(&^ M !*(_ . o; bz{gsf cg';f/ s'g} j:t' lglZrt x'Fb}g, ;a} lrh kl/jt{g eO/xG5 . s]xL 36gfx¿af6 c¿ 36gfx¿ klg x'G5g\ -bf;u'Ktf, ;g\ !(@@ M *#–*%_ . af}4x¿sf cg';f/ kbfy{ eg]sf gfd dfqsf oyfy{ x'g\ eg] c;n oyfy{ eg]sf] Ifl0fs dfgl;s / kbfly{s 36gfx¿ x'g\ . af}4x¿sf nflu ;+;f/ eg]sf] nlrnf] / Ifl0fs 36gfx¿ x'g\ -lsª, ;g\ !((( M !!^–!!&_ . ;g\ bf];|f] ztfAbLsf af}4 ljåfg\ gfufh'{gn] z"Gotfsf] ljrf/ lbP . o;n] cfk}mnfO{ s]Gb| gdfGg] l;4fGt lbG5 . oyfy{ eg]sf Ifl0fs 36gfx¿ x'g\ . h'g Ps csf{df lge{/ x'G5g\ . z"Gotf eg]sf] cGt/ lge{/tf xf] . ;a} j:t'x¿df kf/:kl/s ;fk]Iftf x'G5 . o:tf] l;4fGtdf s'g} klg j:t' :jtGq x'Fb}g . To;sf] cl:tTj c¿ sf/sx¿df lge{/ x'G5 -lsª, ;g\ !((( M !@)–!@!_ . oxfFaf6 s] a'lemG5 eg] af}4 bz{gn] cGt/lge{tfsf] ljrf/ lbG5 . of] ljrf/ ;'Gbfv]l/ clt pQd nfUb5 t/ o;sf ;fdflhs lglxtfy{ ;d:ofu|:t 5 . lsgls o; ljrf/n] ;dfhdf x'g] zf]if0f / cTofrf/nfO{ cf]e]mndf kfl/lbG5 / juL{o ljefhgnfO{ j}wflgstf lbG5 . h'g s'/fsf] k'li6 uf}td a'4sf k|jrgn] ub{5 . dlHemd lgsfosf] sGgsyfn ;'Qdf a'4n] eG5g\ a|fXd0f, IfqLo, j}Zo / z'b| rf/j6f hflt x'g\ . h;dWo] a|fXd0f / IfqLox¿nfO{ a'l4df, clejfbgdf, gdgdf, cf1fsfl/tf / plrt dGqfnodf k|fyldstf lbOPsf] 5 -dlHemd lgsfo, ()_ . oxfFaf6 s] a'lemG5 eg] a|fXd0f / IfqLox¿ hGds} cfwf/df j}Zo / z'b| eGbf >]i7 dflgGy] . a'l4n] dlHemd lgsfosf] afnkl08t ;'Qdf eG5g\ ls kfkLx¿ lgr s'n h:tf] rf08fnf -hNnfFb, 5fnfsf] sfd ug]{_, lgiffb -l;sf/L / df5f df;' a]Rg]_, j]g -af;sf] sfd ug]{_, /ysf/ -l;sdL{_ / k'Ss'; -;kmfO sd{rf/L_ df hGd lnG5g\ . pgLx¿ ul/a x'G5g\ . ltgLx¿n] :jflbi6 ef]hg vfg kfpFb}gg\ . /fd|f] nufpg / /ydf lxf8\g kfpFb}gg\ . pgLx¿n] dfnf, ;'ulGwt cQ/ / z[ª\uf/k6f/ ug{ kfpFb}gg\ . pgLx¿n] /fd|f] 3/ / /fd|f] cf]5\ofgdf ;'Tg kfpFb}gg\ . pgLx¿sf] 3/df /fd|f pHofnf] klg x'Fb}g . pgLx¿n] zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s / af]lnn] g/fd|f] sd{ u5{g\ . To; sf/0fn] pgLx¿ d/]kl5 gs{df hfG5g\ -dlHemd lgsfo, !@(_ . ToxL ;'Qdf pNn]v 5 ls k'0o u/]sf dflg;x¿ If]qLo, a|fXd0f jf j}Zosf] kl/jf/df hGd lnG5g\ . ltgLx¿ wlg / /fd|f x'G5g\ . pgLx¿ d/]kl5 :ju{df hfG5g\ . uf}td a'4n] sd{sf] l;4fGt lbP/ ;dfhdf /x]sf] Jojl:yt zf]if0fnfO{ j}wflgstf lbP . wlg dflg;x¿ k"j{hGdsf] k'0osf] sf/0fn] wlg eP/ hGd lnG5g\ . hals ul/a jf dhb'/x¿ k"j{hGdsf] kfkn] o; h'lgdf ul/a x'G5g\ . clxn];Ddsf] cWoogn] k'li6 u5{ ls j}i0fj ;Dk|bfosf] j]bfGt bz{g / af}4 bz{gn] ;dfhsf] juL{o ljefhg Pj+ ls;fg / dhb'/ ju{sf] zf]if0fnfO{ j}wflgstf lbPsf] b]lvG5 . o:tf cfbz{jfbL bz{gx¿ x]bf{ ld7f / rfv nfUbf s'/f e]l6G5g\ . h'g cnf}lss k|s[ltsf klg x'G5g\ . t/ oyfy{df dg'iox¿sf] ;dfh ld7f] dfq} geP/ lttf], cldnf], lk/f] / ToxfF d;nf klg x'G5 . bz{gn] ljrf/ / l;4fGt lbg] ePsf sf/0f cfbz{jfbL / oyfy{jfbLx¿sf] ;+;f/ / 1fgk|ltsf] b[li6sf]0f a'‰g cfjZos 5 . 1fg / kbfy{sf] cGtlq{mof x'gfn] 1fgsf ;ª\sygaf6 ;dfh k|efljt x'G5 . cfbz{jfbLx¿sf] cWoog k|Zg d sf] x'Faf6 ;'? x'G5 eg] oyfy{jfbLsf] k|Zg rflxF of] s] xf] eg]/ ;'? x'G5 . to;f] x'Fbf cfbz{jfbLx¿n] cfWoflTds ljrf/x¿ dfq} lbG5g\ . pgLx¿n] a'l4 jf a|XdnfO{ O{Zj/l;t t'ngf u/]/ zf/Ll/s >dnfO{ tNnf] :t/sf] sd{ dfG5g\ . ls;fg / dhb'/x¿sf] zf]if0fnfO{ j}wflgstf lbP/ wlg jf zf;s ju{sf] lxt}lif aGb5g\ hals oyfy{jfbLx¿n] ;+;f/nfO{ jf:tljs dfG5g\ / ;f+;fl/s ;d:ofx¿l;t ;/f]sf/ /fVb5g\ . j]bfGtn] O{Zj/nfO{ oyfy{ dfG5 eg] ;+;f/nfO{ dfof dfG5 . z}jx¿n] ;[li6sf sf/0f lzj jf O{Zj/nfO{ dfg] klg ;+;f/ k|s[lts} lgod cg';f/ rN5 / k|s[ltnfO{ b]jLsf] ¿kdf dfG5g\ . To; sf/0fn] j}z]lifs bz{gdf ;+;f/ / k|s[ltnfO{ a'‰g] r]i6f ul/Psf] kfOG5 . To:t} Gofo bz{gn] ts{ zf:qdf of]ubfg lbPsf] 5 . j}z]lifs bz{gn] oyfy{jfbsf] /rgfTds / ;sf/fTds kIf b]vfpF5 eg] Gofo bz{gn] oyfy{jfbsf] /IffTds kIf b]vfpF5 -zf:qL, ;g\ !(&^ M *_ . dg'iosf] dgdf ;+;f/sf] oyfy{k|lt ljZjf; x'G5, lsgls p;n] cg'ej u/]sf j:t'x¿sf] cl:tTj x'g'k5{ . To; sf/0fn] Gofo / j}z]lifs bz{gn] dfGof] ls cg'ej aflx/L j:t'sf jf:tljstfsf] :jLs[lt Ps dfq dfkb08 xf] . bz{gsf] p2]Zo ToxL cg'ejnfO{ ljZn]if0f ug]{ / ToxfFaf6 1fgsf] ;';+ut k|0ffnL ljsf; ug]{ xf] -zf:qL, ;g\ !(&^ M !%_ . dg'iosf] ;fdfGo cg'ej cg';f/ ;+;f/ kbfy{n] ag]sf] x'G5, h;nfO{ b|JofgL elgG5 . kbfy{sf] ¿k jf /ª\u x'G5, h:tf] sk8f eg]sf] kbfy{ xf] eg] ;]tf] eg]sf] To;sf] /ª\u xf] . To; sf/0fn] kbfy{ / To;sf] ¿k /ª\usf] ljleGgtf oyfy{jfbsf] d"N ljrf/ xf] -zf:qL, ;g\ !(&^ M !%_ . kbfy{sf] ¿k / /ª\u klg Pp6f u'0f xf] . h:tf] zf/L/sf] ult u'0faf6 g} sd{ cfpF5 . o;/L j}z]lifs bz{gn] b|JofgL, u'0f / sd{sf] ljrf/ lbG5 -zf:qL, ;g\ !(&^ M !^_ . dg'ion] cg'ej u/]sf j:t'x¿df s]xL s'/f ldNbfh'Nbf x'G5g\ . o;nfO{ ;fdfGo jf hflt elgG5 . j:t'x¿sf c0f'df ljleGgtf x'G5, To;nfO{ ljz]if elgG5 . kbfy{x¿sf] ;DaGwnfO{ ;djfo elgG5 . To:t} kbfy{/lxt x'g'nfO{ cefj elgG5 -zf:qL, ;g\ !(&^ M !^_ . Gofo j}z]lifs bz{gn] sf/0fsf] l;4fGt lbG5g\ . h'g kbfy{ / To;sf u'0fx¿df cfwfl/t 5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu wfuf] eg]sf] sf/0f xf] eg] sk8f eg]sf] k|efj xf] . oxfFaf6 s] a'lemG5 eg] u'0f eg]sf] kbfy{sf] ¿kdf klg cfpg ;S5 . kbfy{ / u'0fsf] ;f/ km/s x'G5, h:tf] sk8f / wfuf]sf] cnu ;f/ x'G5 . o; l;4fGtn] oyfy{sf] k|df0f vf]H5 -zf:qL, ;g\ !(&^ M !&_ . Gofo / j}z]lifs bz{gn] dfG5 ls j:t' OlGb|ox¿sf] ;Dks{df cfPkl5 aNn dg'ion] To;sf] JofVof ug{ ;S5 . h:tf] k|sfz cfFvfdf uPkl5 ToxL k|sfz cfFvfaf6 j:t' dfly k5{ / aNn To; j:t'nfO{ cfFvfn] b]Vg ;S5 . oxfFaf6 s] a'lemG5 eg] dfgl;s ¿k/]vfdf kbfy{sf] k|ltlaDa k/]kl5 dfq} dg'ion] kbfy{sf] JofVof ug{ ;S5 -zf:qL, ;g\ !(&^ M #^_ . Gofo j}z]lifs bz{g / af}4 bz{gsf] lardf df}lns leGgtf s] xf] eg] af}4x¿n] ;+;f/sf] ;+Zn]if0fsf] jf:tljs l;4fGtnfO{ dfGb}gg\ . hals Gofo j}z]lifsn] b'O{j6f ;+Zn]if0fsf] jf:tljs l;4fGtnfO{ dfGb5g\ . tL b|JofgL / kbfy{sf] ;fdfgo jf hflt x'g\ . kbfy{ / p;sf cª\ux¿sf] lardf ljleGgtf x'G5 . hals af}4sf cg';f/ ;a} ;+Zn]if0fx¿ dg'iosf dfgl;s wf/0ffx¿ x'g\ -zf:qL, ;g\ !(&^ M !%%_ . Gofo j}z]lifs bz{g klZrdf lu|sx¿sf] oyfy{jfbl;t ldN5 . ltgLx¿n] klg eG5g\ ljZjJofkL s'/fx¿ h'g ljj/0fx¿df kfOG5, To;sf] :jtGq jf:tljstf x'G5 -zf:qL, ;g\ !(&^ M #)&_ . lrgLof ljåfg\ l;;fgn] j}z]lifs ;"qnfO{ pn's Clifsf] s[lt dfg]sf 5g\ -zf:qL, ;g\ !(&^ M *$–*%_ . pn's Clif eg]sf] sZok Clifsf] gfd xf] . pgnfO{ s0ffb klg elgG5 . pgnfO{ pn's jf nf6f]sf];]/f] lsg elgG5 eg] pgL /ftLsf] ;dodf vfgf vf]Hg lxF8\by] -zf:qL, ;g\ !(&^ M (^_ . jfT;fog Clifn] klg Gofo / j}z]lifs bz{gnfO{ g} dfGby] . pgsf] s[lt nª\sfjt/ ;"q xf] . of] Gofo ;"qsf] 6Lsf xf] -zf:qL, ;g\ !(&^ M !!)_ . k|z:tkb Clifn] j}z]lifs ;"qsf] JofVof u/] . pgsf] k':tssf] gfd kbfy{ wd{ ;ª\u|x xf] -zf:qL, ;g\ !(&^ M !))_ . o; z}j bz{gdf cu:To, clq, ef/åfh, sf}l80o / ljZjfldq klg dxŒjk"0f{ Clif 5g\ . z}j bz{gdf sf}l80o Clifsf] 7"nf] of]ubfg 5 . pgn] k~rfy{sf] ljrf/ lbP . pgsf cg';f/ sf/0f, sfo{ -k|efj_, of]u -kz'kltsf] Wofg ug]{_, ljlw -k"hfcfhf xf]d o1sf] ljlw_ / b'MvfGt -1fg k|fKt u/]kl5 k'/} b'Mvsf] cGTo x'g] cyf{t\ ;'v / b'MvnfO{ Pp6} ¿kn] lng]_ x'g\ . k~rfy{nfO{ cg's/0f u/] s'g} klg JolQm a|fXd0f aGb5 . a|fXd0f eg]sf] a'l4hLlj xf] -rqmjtL{, ;g\ !(&) M !(_ . To:tf] JolQmdf lzjhLsf] s?0ff x'G5 . p;n] tLgj6f k|df0fx¿ a'‰b5 . cg'e"lt, cg'dfg / cudf, cg'e"lt eg]sf] cjnf]sg / ljåfg\x¿sf] s[ltaf6 cfpF5 . cg'dfg rflxF, dg'ion] cg'e"lt / cudfsf] cfwf/df ub{5 . h;sf cfwf/df p;n] ts{ / ljZn]if0f ub{5 . cudf eg]sf] tYo / tYofª\s xf] . h'g 1fgsf] d'Vo ;|f]t xf] . oL tLgj6f ;|f]t ghfGg] dflg; a|fXd0f xf]Og . sf}l80o Clifsf cg';f/ dg'iox¿ kz's} Pp6f k|hflt x'g\ . lsgls pgLx¿ sf/0f / k|efjsf] kfzn] afFlwPsf x'G5g\ -rqmjtL{, ;g\ !(&) M @)_ . pgLx¿n] cfˆgf] z/L/ / kbfy{sf] cg'e"lt ug{ ;S5g\ . To; sf/0fn] pgLx¿sf] ;f]rfO{ / cfjZostf, kbfly{s cj:yfn] g} lgwf{l/t ub{5 -rqmjtL{, ;g\ !(&) M @)–$_ dg'iox¿df ;Tj, /h / tdf]u'0f x'G5 . olb oL u'0fx¿sf] ;Gt'ng ePg eg] k|s[ltdf c;Gt'ng cfpF5 . c;Gt'ng eof] eg] dg'ion] plrt / cg'lrt sfo{ 5'6\ofpg ;Sb}g . lzjsf] ;fFrf] k"hf eg]sf] hgsNof0f ug'{ xf] . lsgls dg'iox¿ lzjhLs} OR5faf6 ;[li6 ePsf x'g\ -rqmjtL{, ;g\ !(&) M $@–$$_ . z}j bz{gsf] d'Vo k':ts j}z]lifs ;"q xf] . j}z]lifs ;"qsf] JofVof ug'{ eGbf klxn] z+s/frfo{n] n]V5g\ ls dg'iosf] cl:tTj tLg lsl;dsf] kL8faf6 u|:t x'G5 . klxnf] rflxF zf/Ll/s / dfgl;s /f]ux¿ x'g\ . h;nfO{ cfWoflTds eG5g\ . bf];|f] kL8f clwef}lts xf] h'g k|fs[lts sf/0fn] x'G5 . t];|f] kL8fnfO{ clwb}ljs elgG5 . h'g oIf olIf0fL jf b]jtfx¿n] kL8f lbG5g\ . 1flgx¿n] oL tLgj6f kL8faf6 aRg pkfo vf]Hg yfn] . ltgLx¿n] Tof] af6f] vf]Hg s0ffb Clif;Fu uP . pgnfO{ tŒjx¿, pbfl;gtf / :jfldTj -/fHo_ sf] 1fg lyof] . sZoksf cg';f/ kbfy{x¿sf] 1fg dfq} cfTdaf]w xf] . h;n] ubf{ dg'iox¿sf] kL8fsf] sf/0f kQf nufpF5 / To;af6 aRg] pkfo klg cfpF5 . kbfy{sf] 1fgsf] klxnf] ljrf/ g} wd{ xf] . ca tL 1fgLx¿nfO{ sZok Clifn] wd{sf] af/]df lzIff lbg yfn] -l;Gxf, ;g\ !(@# M !–@_ . tL Clifn] eg] ca d ltdLx¿nfO{ wd{sf] af/]df JofVof u5'{ . pgn] wd{sf] cy{ l;l4 -1fg_ k|fKt ug'{ / hgsNof0f ug'{ xf] eg]sf 5g\ . z+s/frfo{n] To:tf] hgsNof0f ug]{ JolQm jf zf;sn] ;'v / b'MvnfO{ ;dfg dfGg' kb{5 eg]sf 5g\ . h;sf nflu OR5fnfO{ lgoGq0f ug'{ k5{ . kbfy{sf] ef]usf] OR5f ug]{n] hgsNof0f ug{ ;Sb}g -l;Gxf, ;g\ !(@# M %–^_ . z}j l;4fGt cg';f/ dg'io hLjgsf b'O{j6f dfu{ k|j[lQ / lgj[lQ x'G5g\ . lgj[lQ dfu{ eg]sf] 1fg k|fKt ug'{ / c¿nfO{ lzIff lbg' xf] . h;df cWoog / cg';Gwfg kb{5 . of] rflxF 7"nf] wd{ xf] . o;nfO{ j]bdf ohlt elgPsf] 5, cyf{t\ a'l4hLlj jf lzIfssf] sfd o1 ug'{ h:tf] xf] . bf];|f] k|j[lQ dfu{ u[x:y hLjgdf a;]/ ug'{ xf] . of] ;f+;fl/s x'G5 . dg'ionfO{ kL8faf6 arfpg k|j[lQ dfu{df g} hgsNof0fsf] sfd x'G5 . h'g j]bn] clwsf/ lbG5 / O{zj/n] klg cg'dlt lbG5g\ . olb To:tf] hgsNof0f geP zlQmzfnLn] lga{nnfO{ vfG5 . h'g o1 ubf{ s's'/ cfP/ r9fpg /fv]sf] k|;fb vfP h:tf] xf] . dg'iosf] dgn] zª\sf u5{ / cg'lrt sfo{ ug{ ;S5 . To; sf/0fn] hgsNof0f eg]sf] Jojl:yt x'g'k5{, h;sf nflu ;dfhnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ :jfldTj jf /fHosf] :yfkgf x'g'k5{ . h;n] cg'lrt sfo{ x'g lbFb}g / dg'iosf ljleGg ultljlwx¿nfO{ Jojl:yt u5{ -l;Gxf, ;g\ !(@# M ^–*_ . z}j bz{g >'ltaf6 cfPsf sf/0fn] ubf{ ;fdflhs, cfly{s cfofdsf] ;Gbe{df j]bx¿sf] b[li6sf]0f x]g{ cfjZos 5 . j]bx¿df b'O{ lsl;dsf /fHo k|0ffnLx¿ 5g\ M /fhtGq / k|hftGq . k|hftGqdf ef}Ho, :j/fHo / j}/fHo h:tf /fHox¿ x'G5g\ . j]bx¿df o:tf /fHox¿sf af/]df rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 . j}/fHo eg]sf] o:tf] /fHo xf] hxfF /fhf x'Fb}g . ToxfF zlQmzfnL JolQmx¿n] ljleGg u'6 agfP/ zf;g u5{g\ . hxfF k|zf;g k|0ffnL ljz]if JolQmx¿åf/f rnfOG5 . To:tf] /fHodf /fi6« h;sf] cy{ x'G5 dg'iosf e'm08x¿sf] ;d"x g} sdhf]/ x'G5 . ToxfF Ps k|sf/sf] c/fhstf x'G5 . ToxfF wlg ju{sf] w]/} k|efj x'G5 . To;}n] ToxfF c/fhstf x'G5 -cyj{ j]b, #M#M$_ . :j/fHodf b'O{j6f jf zf;g ug]{ ;d"x x'G5g\ . ToxfF y'k|} dflg;x¿sf] sNof0f jf nf]ssNof0f af/] ;f]lrG5 . cyj{ j]bdf o;nfO{ /fd|f] dflgPsf] 5 -cyj{ j]b, !)M&, #!_ . ToxfF hgtfn] cfˆgf] clwsf/sf nflu n8\g ;S5g\ . w]/}h;f] dflg;x¿sf] ljrf/ ;'lgG5 . To;df lgoGq0f, cf>o, ;d[l4 x'G5, Tof] ;fd|fHo aGg ;S5 -CUj]b, %M^^Ù &, CUj]b, %M!, *), z'Snoh'j]{b, !(M^), CUj]b, !M*$, !)–!!_ . ef}Ho eg]sf] d'hfaf6 cfPsf] xf] . h;sf] cy{ ;+/If0f ug]{ / zf;g ug]{ x'G5 . ToxfF /fhf klg x'g ;S5 . ToxfF /fHon] g} hgtfsf] sNof0fsf] lhDd]jf/L axg u5{ . of] /fHo ?b|sf] Kof/f] 5 . o;df of]u / Ifdf x'G5 . hxfF pTkfbg, cf>o, sk8f, vfgf, cf}ifwL, lzIff cflb ;a} /fHon] lnPsf] x'G5 . ;+:s[tdf …e'h kftgfEojxf/of]Ú elg k|hfsf] ef]hg k|aGw ug'{ / pgnfO{ ;'/lIft u/L /fHo ug'{ elgPsf] 5 . o; /fHodf zf;g Clif d08nn] lgwf{/0f ub{5g\ . CUj]b, %M^^=^ P]t]l/o a|fXd0f *M$, #–% CUj]bdf o;nfO{ cfbz{ /fHo elgPsf] 5 . o;n] hgtfsf] ;'/Iff ;Fu;Fu} j[4j[4fx¿sf] lhDd]jf/L axg u5{ . xfdLx¿n] dfly pNn]v u/]sf /fHox¿ dWo] ef}Ho /fHo rflxF sNof0fsf/L /fHo xf] / j]bx¿n] o;}nfO{ cfbz{ /fHo dfg]sf 5g\ . lsgls of] ?b|sf] lk|o xf] . z}jx¿sf] u|Gyx¿df Pp6f dxŒjk"0f{ rflxF sf}l6Nosf] cy{zf:q xf] . of] sNof0fsf/L /fHo agfpg] lgb]{lzsf k':ts xf] . h;sf cg';f/ /fHon] cfly{s ;d[l4, ;'/Iff / ;fdflhs sNof0f u5{ -;fdzf:qL, ;g\ !(%!_ . sf}l6Nosf cg';f/ /fHosf] sfd hgtfnfO{ cfly{s ;d[l4 lbg] xf] / lgod sfg'gsf] kfng ug]{ xf] . pgsf cg';f/ hldgsf] k|of]u /fHonfO{ s/ lt/]/ ;a}n] pkef]u ug{ kfpg' xf] . o;} u/L j:t'x¿sf] d"No /fHon] g} tf]Sg'k5{ . afnaflnsfsf] lzIff / :jf:Yo, j[4j[4f, b[li6xLg, ckfª\u, af}nfxf logLx¿sf] lhDdf /fHon] lng' k5{ . sf}l6Nosf cg';f/ /fHo eg]sf] ;dfhsf] cª\u xf] / of] hgsNof0f ug{ g} ag]sf] xf] . hgsNof0f ug]{ ljifo eg]sf] ;f+;fl/s hLjg jf k|j[lQ dfu{ cGtu{t kb{5 . z+s/frfo{sf cg';f/ kbfy{sf] 1fg g} hgsNof0f ug]{ dfWod xf] -l;Gxf, ;g\ !(@# M *_ . lsgls a'l4hLlj -a|Xd_ sf] lgb]{zg jf ;Nnfx cg';f/ Ifq -/fhgLlts zlQm_ n] sd{ ug'{ k5{ . To; sf/0fn] sZok Clifn] eG5g\ cf]d tt\ ;t\ eG5g\ . tt\ eg]sf lzj x'g\ / pgL g} ;To x'g\ . To;kl5 tL Clifn] eG5g\, kbfy{ jf ;+;f/nfO{ a'e]m dfq hgsNof0f x'g ;Dej 5 . Pp6f ljBfyL{sf] wd{ kbfy{sf] 1fg k|fKt ug'{ g} xf] . kbfy{sf] 1fg cGtu{t b|JofgL -cy{tGq_ u'0f / sd{ k5{g\ . ljz]if kbfy{ rflxF k[YjL, hn, jfo', clUg, cfsfz -7fpF_, ;do, lbzf -lbs\_ / cfTdf x'g\ -l;Gxf, ;g\ !(@# M !&_ . oL kbfy{ dWo] cfTdf / lbzf afx]s ;a}sf] rl/q ¿k, /;, uGw / :kz{ xf] . /; eg]sf] rfVg ldNg] xf] . kbfy{sf] o:tf] rl/qn] ubf{ ;'v / b'Mvsf] cg'ej x'G5 . ;+of]hg / ljefhg, OR5f / å]if x'G5 . sf/0f / k|efjsf] kfzn] afFlwPsf] sf/0fn] dg'ion] afFRgsf nflu sd{ ug'{ k5{ . h;sf sf/0fn] ubf{ b|JofgLsf] ;[hgf x'G5 . h'g xfjfkfgL / e"uf]n cg';f/ x'G5 -l;Gxf, ;g\ !(@# M !*–@(_ . sZok Clifsf cg';f/ dg'iosf] sd{af6 b|JofgLsf] ;[hgf x'g] eP/ ToxL k|lqmofdf ;dfh klg aGb5 . kbfy{df ljleGgtf / ljk/Ltsf] Pstf ePsfn] dg'io ;lxt c¿ kbfy{x¿sf] klg ju{ x'G5 . h'g OlGb|ox¿n] cg'e"lt ug{ ;S5g\ . dg'iox¿df sd{ / rl/q JolQmsf] x'Fb}g . Tof] p;sf] ju{sf] x'G5 . To; sf/0fn] x/]s ju{sf] cfˆgf] :jfy{ x'G5 -l;Gxf, ;g\ !(@# M !$@–!$@_ . of] :jfy{ rflxF kbfy{sf] k|of]u / ef]uaf6 pTkGg x'G5 . dg'iox¿df tLgj6f ju{ x'G5g\ . To;nfO{ xfdLn] wlg ju{, dWod ju{ / tNnf] ju{ eGg ;S5f}F . kbfy{sf] ef]u / :jfldTj lng b'O{j6f ju{df åGå eof] eg] ToxfF låjuL{o åGå x'G5 / ha tNnf] ju{ klg cfˆgf] :jfy{ k"/f ug{ åGådf hfFbf ToxfF t[juL{o åGå x'G5 . juL{o åGåsf] sf/0fn] b|JofgLdf kl/jt{g cfpF5 . lsgls åGån] ljrf/x¿ lgdf{0f u5{ . ToxL ljrf/x¿sf] cfwf/df b|JofgLdf kl/jt{g cfpF5 . h;sf sf/0fn] ;dfhdf g} kl/jt{g cfpF5 -l;Gxf, ;g\ !(@# M @!$–@@%_ . o'4 eg]sf] åGåsf] eofgs ¿k xf] . dfgj hfltsf] Oltxf; x]bf{ a'lemG5 ls åGås} sf/0fn] ubf{ ;Eotfsf] ljsf; ePsf] b]lvG5 . h:tf] k|frLg lu|s / /f]dg ;EotfnfO{ xfdL lng ;S5f}F . To:t} g]kfnsf] PsLs/0f klg åGås} sf/0fn] ePsf] lyof] . g]kfnsf] jt{dfg\ Oltxf;df x]bf{ b]lvG5 ls klxnf] hgcfGbf]ng, dfcf]jfbL ;z:q ljb|f]x / bf];|f] hgcfGbf]ngsf sf/0fn] cfh g]kfndf u0ftGq 5 . dg'io hfltsf] ljsf;df åGåsf] d'Vo e"ldsf b]lvG5 . o:tf] a'emfO{ xfdLnfO{ z}j bz{gn] lbG5 . z+s/frfo{n] j}z]lifs ;"qsf] JofVof ubf{ eG5g\ ls o:tf] 1fg sflnsf b]jLaf6 cfPsf] xf] . pgn] eG5g\ d}n] ejfgLnfO{ k'Hb5', tL dlxifL h;sf] z/L/sf] cª\u afbn h:t} sfnf] 5 t/ 1fgsf] pHofnf] k|sfzn] c1fgtfnfO{ x6fpFl5g\ . Tof] 1fg k|fKt ePkl5 k'gh{Gd x'Fb}g . pgL ej -lzj_ l;t k|]ddf afFlwPsL 5g\ . pgL lxdfnosL 5f]/L x'g\ . tL 7fpF 7fpFdf e|d0f ul5{g\ . pgL lzjsL cwf{lËgL x'g\ / dflg;sf] k|f0f uPkl5 To;sf] z/L/ dfly cfP/ al:5g\ -l;Gxf, ;g\ !(@# M @_ . z}jx¿sf] ;ª\sygdf sf}l6No kl5 dT:o]Gb|gfy / uf]/vgfy o; ljBfsf ljz]if1 lyP . z}j l;4fGt cfh s]xL ljåfg\x¿df ;Lldt eP klg xfd|f] ;dfhdf kfz'kt z}j wd{ k|rlnt 5 . cfh klg sflnsf b]jL / kz'kltgfynfO{ g]kfnLx¿n] k'Hb5g\ . lzjsf] dlGb/ agfP/ kz'kltgfy / dgsfdgfsf] bz{g u/]/ dfq} x'Fb}g . k9]n]v]sf dflg;n] of] z}j l;4fGt k9\g' k5{ / ;dfhsf cufl8 Nofpg' k5{ . ;Gbe{ ;fdu|L cu|jfn, le=o;= -;g\ !(%#_= OlG8of Ph gg 6' kfl0fgL= cnfxfjfb M o'lgel;{6L ckm nvgpm . cfK6], l8=hL= -;g\ !(&!_= o'lgel;{6L Og PlG;oG6 Ol08of= j/f]8f M ˆofsN6L ckm Ph's]zg P08 ;fOsf]nf]hL dxf/fhf ;oflh/fcf] o'lgel;{6L ckm j/f]8f . Puln;, h'lno; -;g\ !**@_= b ztky a|fXd0f kf6{ jfg= a's jfg P08 6'= cS;kmf]8{ M Snf/]08f]g k|]; . cf]lnj]n, Kofl6«s -;g\ @))$_= b cf>d l;:6d M b lx:6«L P08 x/d]Go'l6S; ckm P /]lnlho; OG:6L6\o';g= Go" lbNnL M d'lG;/fd dgf]x/ klAn;;{ k|fOe]6 lnld6]8 . lsª, l/rf8{ -;g\ !(((_= Ol08og lkmnf];kmL M Pg OG6«f]8S;g 6' lxGb' P08 a'l4:6 y6= O8]gju{ M O8]gju{ o'lgel;{6L k|]; . sf];fDaL, l8=8L= -;g\ !(^@_= ldy P08 l/ofln6L M :6l8h Og b km/d]zg ckm OlG8og sNr/= aDa} M kk'n/ k|sfzg . sf];fDaL, l8=8L= -;g\ !((&_= b sNr/ P08 l;lenfOh];g ckm PlG;oG6 Ol08of Og lx:6f]l/sn cfp6nfOg= lbNnL M lbNnL ljsf; klAnl;ª xfp; k|fOe]6 lnld6]8 . lu|lkm6, /fNkm l6=Pr= -;g\ !(!&_= b lxD; ckm b cyj{j]b= ef]n @, agf/; M O=h]= nhf?; P08 sDkgL . lu|lkm6, /fNkm l6=Pr= -;g\ !*(&_= lb lxD; ckm CUj]b= agf/; M Oh] nhf?; P08 sDkgL . lu|lkm6, /fNkm l6=Pr= -;g\ !*((_= b 6]S6; ckm b XjfO6 oh'j]{b= agf/; M Oh] nhf?; P08 sDkgL . rqmjtL{, xl/kb -;g\ !(&)_= kfz'kft ;"q ljy k~r cy{ efio ckm sf}l80o= snsQf M Ps]8]lds klAn;;{ . r§f]kfWofo, b]jLk|;fb -;g\ !(%(_= nf]sfot P :68L Og PlG;oG6 Ol08of Dof6l/olnHd= Go" lbNnL M lkkN; klAnl;ª xfp; . 8'Sj]6, hf]gfyg / /fd z'e|dlgog, s]= -cS6'a/ ;g\ @)!)_= …Oh :k]; lqmP6]8 < l/ˆn]S;G; cg z+s/f; lkmnf];kmL P08 lkmnf];kmL ckm lkmlhS;Ú= lkmnf];kmL O:6 P08 j]:6= ef]n= ^), gf]= $, xjfO{ M o'lgel;{6L ckm xjfO k|]; . bf;u'Ktf, ;'/]Gb|gfy -;g\ !(@@_= P lx:6«L ckm Ol08og lkmnf];kmL= ef]n'd !, n08g M SoflDj|h o'lgel;{6L k|]; . kf08], lh=;L= -;g\ !(&*_= >d0f 6]«l8;g M O6\; lx:6«L P08 slG6«Jo';g 6' OlG8og sNr/= cxdbfjfb M gflud h]= zfxf, Pn8L OlG:66'6 ckm O08f]nf]hL . kf]v/]n, k+= lr/~hLlj zdf{ -lj=;+= @)&^_= g]kfn dxfTDo= sf7df8f}F M hg;]jf dfWolds ljBfno . ah|frfo{, wgjh| / dNn, sdn kL= -;g\ !(*%_= b uf]kfn/fh j+zfjnL= sf7df8f}F M g]kfn l/zr{ ;]G6/, lqe'jg o'lgel;{6L k|]; . afaf, aª\ufnL -;g\ !(%)_= >Ldbeujb uLtf M b ;f]No';g ckm nfOkm k|f]An]G;= k'gf M /fdrGb| cDafbf; hf]zL, cv08 ef/t . af]wL, leSv' -;g\ !((%_= b ld8n n]Gy l8;sf];{ ckm a'4 M P 6«fG;n];g ckm b dlHemd lgsfo= jf]:6g M ljh8d klAns];G; . af]wL, leSv' -;g\ @)))_= b sg]S6]8 l8;sf]; ckm b a'4 M P 6«fG;n];g ckm b ;+o'Q lgsfo= ;f]d/len M lah8d klAns];G; . af]N8]gju{, xd{g -;g\ !(^$_= b ljgo lktsd\ M b dxfeUuf= ef]n'd jfg, n08g M kfln 6]S; ;f];fO6L . dfwjfgGb, :jfdL -;g\ !(%)_= b j[xbf/0os pklgifb ljy b sd]G6«L ckm z+s/frfo{= cNdf]/f M :jfdL lj/]zj/gGb cå}t cf>d . d'vhL{, /fwf s'd'b -;g\ !($&_= PlG;oG6 Ol08og Ph's]zg= n08g M Dofsldng P08 sDkgL lnld6]8 . Dofs lqm08n, h]=8An'= -;g\ !*&&_= PlG;oG6 Ol08o Ph l8:qmfOj jfO e]u]:yflyG; P08 cfo{g= n08g M 6«jg/ P08 sDkgL . jfN;], df}l/; -;g\ !((%_= b nª l8:sf];]{h ckm b a'4 M P 6«fG;n];g ckm b lb3 lgsfo= ;f]d/len, PdP M ljN8d klAns];G; . jfN;], df}l/; -;g\ !((%_= b nª l8:sf];]{; ckm b a'4 M P 6«f;n];g ckm b lb3 lgsfo= ;f]d/len, d:;fr';]6;\ M ljH8d klAns];G; . ljlnod, df]lgo/ -;g\ !*((_= P ;+:s[t OlUn; l8S;g/L= Go" lbNnL M df]ltnfn agf/;L bf; . zf:qL, wd]Gb|gfy -;g\ !(&^_= b lkmnf];kmL ckm Gofo j}z]lifs P08 O6\; slGˆnS6 ljy a'l4:6 lbUgfuf :s'n= j/fg;L M ef/tLo ljBf k|sfzg . zf:qL, x/uf]ljGb -;g\ !(&*_= cd/sf]z ljy lxGbL sd]G6/L= jf/f0f;L M rf}vDaf ;+:s[t l;l/h clkm; . ;fdzf:qL, l8=cf/=cf/= -;g\ !(%!_= sf}l6Nof; cy{zf:q= d};'/ M >L /3'lj/ lk|lG6ª k|]; . l;Gxf, gGbnfn -;g\ !(@#_= b j}z]lifs ;"q ckm s0ffb= ef]n'd l;S;, cnfxfjfb M ;'lwGb|gfy j;' Pd=lj= ljho k|]z . xu, dfl6{g -;g\ !*^#_= b P]t]l/o a|fXdgd ckm b CUj]b= ef]n= @, aDa} M ued]{G6 ;]G6«n a's l8kf] . xN6em, oL= -;g\ !(@%_= OG:qmLK;; ckm czf]s= ef]n'd !, jfN6g o:6L= cS;kmf]8{ M Snf/]G8g k|]; .

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Neel Kumar free lancer researcher

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