SpaDeX: ISRO’s historic space docking trial brings satellites within 3 meters

SpaDeX Mission: ISRO achieves milestone in space docking experiment

India’s space agency, ISRO, has made a significant leap toward mastering in-space docking technology with its Space Docking Experiment (SpaDeX). In a crucial trial, two satellites were brought within 3 meters of each other, marking a major milestone for future projects like the Bharatiya Antariksh Station and lunar astronaut landings.

Key details of the experiment

The SpaDeX mission involves two satellites, SDX01 (Chaser) and SDX02 (Target), which were launched aboard the PSLV C60 rocket on December 30. Initially separated by 230 meters, the satellites were maneuvered to a distance of just 3 meters apart. Following the trial, they were moved back to a safe distance to analyze alignment and other parameters before the final docking phase.

ISRO announced progress on its X (formerly Twitter) platform:
“Trial attempt to reach up to 15 meters and further to 3 meters is done. Moving back spacecraft to safe distance. The docking process will be done after analyzing data further.”

SpaDeX Docking Update:

A trial attempt to reach up to 15 m and further to 3 m is done.

Moving back spacecrafts to safe distance

The docking process will be done after analysing data further.

Stay tuned for updates.#SpaDeX #ISRO

— ISRO (@isro) January 12, 2025

Significance of SpaDeX

SpaDeX demonstrates cost-effective in-space docking technology, a critical component for future missions requiring multiple rocket launches. These include assembling space stations, conducting deep-space exploration, and enhancing operational capabilities for crewed missions. A successful demonstration would position India as the fourth nation to master this complex technology.

A phased and cautious approach

The mission has been executed with a cautious, step-by-step strategy:

• Initial Maneuvers: After their launch into a 475-kilometer circular orbit, the satellites were gradually brought closer.
• Progressive Trials: By January 11, the satellites reached a distance of 230 meters, followed by a “handshake” at 15 meters.
• Critical Trial at 3 Meters: The satellites approached within 3 meters, a significant step before final docking.

ISRO encountered and addressed challenges along the way. For instance, a higher-than-expected drift detected during a January 8 maneuver led to a delay in docking attempts. This cautious approach underscores ISRO’s commitment to safety and precision.

Mission background and goals

The PSLV C60 rocket carrying the SpaDeX satellites was launched from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota. Each satellite weighs 220 kilograms and is equipped to perform sophisticated docking maneuvers.

SpaDeX is a critical part of India’s broader space exploration goals, including:

• Assembling modular space structures.
• Advancing technologies for future crewed missions.
• Strengthening India’s position in global space capabilities.

Next steps

With the satellites now safely positioned, ISRO will analyze trial data to refine the docking process further. The success of SpaDeX will significantly bolster India’s ambitions in advanced space missions and pave the way for innovations in in-orbit operations.

This mission marks a giant stride for India in its journey to becoming a leader in space exploration and technology development.

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